Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) was a short-lived state in Eastern Europe. Prior to its proclamation, the Central Council of Ukraine was elected in March 1917 as a result of the February Revolution, and in June, it declared Ukrainian autonomy within Russia. Its autonomy was later recognized by the Russian Provisional Government. Following the October Revolution, the Central Council of Ukraine denounced the Bolshevik seizure of power and proclaimed the Ukrainian People's Republic with a territory including the area of approximately eight Russian imperial governorates (Kiev, Volhynia, Kharkov, Kherson, Yekaterinoslav, Poltava, Chernigov and Podolia). It formally declared its independence from Russia on 22 January 1918. During its short existence, the republic went through several political transformations – from the socialist-leaning republic headed by the Central Council of Ukraine with its general secretariat, to the socialist republic led by the Directorate and by Symon Petliura. Between April and December 1918, the socialist authority of the Ukrainian People's Republic was suspended, having been overthrown by the pro-German Ukrainian State of Pavlo Skoropadskyi, who was elected as the Hetman of Ukraine by a congress of peasants. After the collapse of the Ukrainian State, the Ukrainian People's Republic declared its unification with the West Ukrainian People's Republic in January 1919. After the Polish–Ukrainian War, it signed an alliance with the Second Polish Republic. On 10 November 1920, the state lost the remainder of its territory to the Bolsheviks. The Peace of Riga on 18 March 1921 between Poland, Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus), and Soviet Ukraine sealed the fate of the Ukrainian People's Republic. After the October Revolution, many governments formed in the territory of Ukraine, most notably the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets based in Kharkov, and its Soviet successors. This force, along with the Ukrainian People's Republic, the White movement, Poland, Green armies, and anarchists, fought constantly with each other, which resulted in many casualties among Ukrainians fighting in the Ukrainian War of Independence as part of the wider Russian Civil War of 1917–1923. Soviet Russia would extend its control over what would ultimately become the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a founding member of the Soviet Union in 1922.

The Major Archeparchy of Kyiv–Galicia (Kyiv–Halych) is an ecclesiastical territory or ecclesiastical province of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church — a particular Eastern Catholic Church, that is located in Ukraine. It was erected on 21 August 2005 with the approval of Pope Benedict XVI. There are other territories of the Church that are not located in Ukraine. The cathedral church — the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ — is situated in the city of Kyiv. The metropolitan bishop is — ex officio — the Primate of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The incumbent major archbishop is Sviatoslav Shevchuk.

The Bolshevik–Makhnovist conflict was a period of political and military conflict between the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and the Makhnovshchina, for control over southern Ukraine. The Bolsheviks aimed to eliminate the Makhnovshchina and neutralise its peasant base. In turn, the Makhnovists fought against the implementation of the Red Terror and the policy of war communism. The conflict broke out after the Red Army returned to Ukraine in early 1920, following the defeat of the White advance on Moscow. It attacked the Makhnovshchina, which at the time occupied most of southern Ukraine, and carried out a sustained attempt to pacify the region. After a brief truce, in order to ensure the final defeat of the White movement, the Red Army again attacked the Makhnovshchina in November 1920, leading to a resumption of hostilities. The conflict mainly consisted of guerrilla warfare, without conventional maneuvers or open battles. It was also highly mobile, with territory regularly changing hands between the two. The Bolsheviks largely maintained territorial control, while the Makhnovists were kept on the defensive. In this condition, the Makhnovists were not able to carry out offensives, instead mostly attacking isolated Red units. Following the implementation of the New Economic Policy and the onset of fatigue due to the conditions of the war, support for the Makhnovist insurrection began to dwindle. Despite efforts by the Makhnovists to reorganise and carry out larger offensives, by August 1921, the Makhnovshchina had effectively been whiped out. Its core around Nestor Makhno fled into exile, while a low-level insurgency persisted throughout the 1920s.

The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), or Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), was a country in Eastern Europe that existed between the years 1917 and 1920. The country was first declared following the February Revolution in Russia, by a state political act called the First Universal of the Ukrainian Central Council. In March 1917, the National Congress in Kyiv elected the Central Council of Ukraine, which had been composed of socialist parties that held the same principles as the Russian Republic. The republic's autonomy was recognized by the Russian Provisional Government. Following the October Revolution, the Ukrainian People's Republic proclaimed its independence from the Russian Republic, on 22 January 1918, by the Fourth Universal. During its short existence, the republic went through several political transformations – from the socialist-leaning republic headed by the Central Council of Ukraine with its general secretariat to the socialist republic led by the Directorate and by Symon Petliura. Between April and December 1918, the socialist authority of the Ukrainian People's Republic was suspended, having been overthrown by the pro-German Ukrainian State of Pavlo Skoropadskyi, who was elected as a Hetman by a congress of peasants. In January 1919 the UNR declared a unification with the West Ukrainian People's Republic. From late 1919, the UNR operated as an ally of the Second Polish Republic. On 10 November 1920, the state lost the remainder of its territory to the Bolsheviks. The 18 March 1921 Peace of Riga between the Second Polish Republic, Soviet Russia (acting also on behalf of Soviet Belarus), and Soviet Ukraine sealed the fate of the Ukrainian People's Republic. After the October Revolution, many governments formed in Ukraine, most notably the Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets (1917–1918) based in Kharkiv, and its Soviet successors. This force, along with the Ukrainian Republic (based in Kyiv), plus the White Movement, Poland, Green armies, and the Anarchists, fought constantly with each other, which resulted in many casualties among Ukrainians fighting in a 1917–21 Ukrainian Civil War as part of the wider Russian Civil War of 1917–23. The Russian SFSR would (after the 1921 Treaty of Riga) extend control over what would ultimately become the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic and (in 1922) a founding member of the Soviet Union.

The post-Soviet transition in Ukraine was established following the country's independence in 1991 up until the adoption of its constitution in 1996.

The Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Kyiv is an ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese (archeparchy) of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, a particular Eastern Catholic Church, that is located in the central part of Ukraine. The ordinary is the Archeparch of Kyiv who is also the Metropolitan of the ecclesiastical province of Kyiv-Halych and the Primate of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church. The incumbent Archeparch is Sviatoslav Shevchuk. He is assisted by two auxiliary bishops: Bohdan Dzyurakh and Josyf Milyan. The Archeparchy of Kyiv founded the newspaper "Sobor".

The West Ukrainian People's Republic (WUPR) or West Ukrainian National Republic (WUNR), known for part of its existence as the Western Oblast of the Ukrainian People's Republic, was a short-lived polity that controlled most of Eastern Galicia from November 1918 to July 1919. It included the cities of Lviv, Ternopil, Kolomyia, Drohobych, Boryslav, Stanislaviv (now Ivano-Frankivsk) and right-bank Przemyśl, and claimed parts of Bukovina and Carpathian Ruthenia. Politically, the Ukrainian National Democratic Party (the precursor of the interwar Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance) dominated the legislative assembly, guided by varying degrees of Greek Catholic, liberal and socialist ideology. Other parties represented included the Ukrainian Radical Party and the Christian Social Party. The WUPR emerged as a breakaway state amid the dissolution of Austria-Hungary, and in January 1919 nominally united with the Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR) as its autonomous Western Oblast. Poland had also claimed this territory, and by July occupied most of it and forced the West Ukrainian government into exile. When the UPR decided late the same year that it would trade the territory for an alliance with Poland against Soviet Russia, the exiled West Ukrainian government broke with the UPR. The exiled government continued its claim until it dissolved in 1923. The coat of arms of the WUPR was azure, a golden lion rampant. The colours of the flag were blue and yellow.

Opera Hotel is the deluxe boutique hotel launched on 20 December 2006 in Kyiv, Ukraine.The hotel is located in the center of Kyiv at the crossroads of the business, cultural and historical districts, not far from the Kyiv Opera and St. Vladimir's Cathedral. The hotel was built in 1906 and is an architectural monument.In 2007, the Opera hotel was awarded “Europe’s Leading New Business Hotel 2007” at the XIV International Ceremony World Travel Awards in Newcastle, UK.

National Ukrainian Academy of Arts (Ukrainian: Академія мистецтв України (АМУ)) is a state scientific and artistic institution in the field of art, culture, and art history in Ukraine. The academy is one of the six state funded institutions along with the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine that was established in 1996 and obtained its National status in 2010. The membership to the academy is on an electoral basis for the distinguished specialists of professional artistry: theater and film directors, composers, painters, conductors, actors etc.

The Embassy of the Kingdom of Denmark in Kyiv (Danish: Danmarks ambassade i Kiev) is the diplomatic mission of Denmark in Ukraine.

The Women's Higher Courses (Ukrainian: Киевские высшие женские курсы, romanized: Kijevskije vyssjevskije kursy), or KVZjK, in Kyiv was the first women's higher education institution in Tsarist Ukraine, active in (1878–1889) and (1906–1917).The institute opened its doors in 1878. It was the first university open to women in Ukraine. A women's movement fighting for women's access to higher education emerged in Ukraine in the 19th-century, similar to that of Russia. The Tsarist government founded the institution in order the stop women from studying abroad, where they could come in contact with political opposition. The university did offer higher education, but similar to the Russian equivalent, did not offer an exam similar to the exam offered to men. Eqvivalent institutions of this kind were founded in Russia, as well as in Odessa in 1879, Charkov in 1880 and Jekaterinoslav in 1916.

The Mykola Shchors monument was an equestrian statue to Red Army commander (and member of the Russian Communist Party) Mykola Shchors erected in 1954, and located at an intersection of Symona Petliury Street and Taras Shevchenko Boulevard, Kyiv, Ukraine, that was dismantled on 9 December 2023.