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Château de Saint-Martin de Toques

Castles in AudeChâteaux in AudeMonuments historiques of Aude
Bizanet Château de Saint Martin de Toques1
Bizanet Château de Saint Martin de Toques1

The Château de Saint-Martin de Toques is a partly ruined, mountaintop castle in the Bizanet commune in the Aude département of southern France. Construction of the castle dates to the 12th and 14th centuries. It was later owned by the Viscounts of Narbonne. In the sixteenth century, an Italian family took over the castle. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, it was converted into a farm property, but was abandoned and fell into ruin. The castle is now privately owned and has been listed since 1926 as a monument historique by the French Ministry of Culture.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Château de Saint-Martin de Toques (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Château de Saint-Martin de Toques
D 613, Narbonne

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Latitude Longitude
N 43.1289 ° E 2.8691 °
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Ruines du château de Saint-Martin-de-Toques

D 613
11200 Narbonne
Occitania, France
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Bizanet Château de Saint Martin de Toques1
Bizanet Château de Saint Martin de Toques1
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Fontfroide Abbey
Fontfroide Abbey

Fontfroide Abbey (French: Abbaye Sainte-Marie de Fontfroide; Latin: Fons frigidus) is a former Cistercian monastery in France, situated 15 kilometers south-west of Narbonne near to the Spanish border. It was founded in 1093 by Aimery I, Viscount of Narbonne, but remained poor and obscure, and needed to be re-founded by Ermengarde, Viscountess of Narbonne. In 1144 it affiliated itself to the Cistercian reform movement. Shortly afterwards the Count of Barcelona gave it the land in Spain that was to form the great Catalan monastery of Poblet, of which Fontfroide counts as the mother house, and in 1157 the Viscountess Ermengard of Narbonne granted it a great quantity of land locally, thus securing its wealth and status. The abbey fought together with Pope Innocent III against the heretical doctrine of the Cathars who lived in the region. The Black Death, which reached Narbonne in 1348, decimated almost the entire community. It was dissolved in 1791 in the course of the French Revolution. It was re-founded in 1858 by monks from Sénanque Abbey. In 1901, because of the French legal changes, the community was driven out of France and went into exile in Spain: the abbey was abandoned. The premises, which are of very great architectural interest, passed into private hands in 1908, when the artists Gustave and Madeleine Fayet d'Andoque bought it to protect the fabric of the buildings from an American collector of sculpture. They restored it over a number of years and used it as a centre for artistic projects. It still remains in private hands. Today wine is produced here of the AOC Corbières quality under the French appellations system. It also has a small working farm, bookstore and restaurant and takes paying guests.

Monastery of Sainte-Eugénie

The monastery of Sainte-Eugénie was a Benedictine foundation near Peyriac-de-Mer between 817 and 1189, when it was absorbed by the Cistercian abbey of Fontfroide. Its buildings and lands became private property devoted to viticulture in the seventeenth century. Although only ever recorded as a priory, what remains of its buildings and estates are today known as the Abbaye Sainte-Eugénie. The earliest reference to the monastery is in the Notitia de servitio monasteriorum of 817 or 819. It is listed as the monasterium sanctae Eugeniae among the monasteries in Septimania owing the emperor their prayers, but not military service or tribute. The editors of the Notitia located Sainte-Eugénie near Narbonne. In the 19th century, the Histoire générale de Languedoc and Antoine Sabarthès identified the monastery with the church of the same dedication in Villesèquelande, which was mentioned as a possession of the abbey of Montolieu in 931. This church is never referred to as a monastery, however. The subsequent history of Sainte-Eugénie is very obscure. There is no other reference to it until 1163, when it had three monks and a number of lay brothers. Possibly it was abandoned and refounded only in the twelfth century. It lay along the Via Domitia not far from the coast, it may have been susceptible to bandits or pirates. On 6 December 1163, the viscountess Ermengarde of Narbonne granted the monastery the allodial on which it lay, thus renouncing her seigneurial rights. She also granted it a parcel of land on which to construct a mill. This donation was confirmed in August 1172. Between 1175 and 1186, the monastery received further grants of land from the local nobility at Oubiels and Lastours. In 1178, they received from Archbishop Pons d'Arsac churches at Gaussan and Saint-André-de-Roquelongue and a community of lay sisters at Les Olieux, whose prior was Guilhem du Lac. During this period, the monks also made purchases. In 1178, they bought land at Gaussan from Lagrasse Abbey. This flurry of land acquisitions may reflect competition with Fontfroide. Monks may have been established at the priory of Les Olieux already by 1176. This Les Olieux, which was located at Montséret, must be distinguished from the female priory, also called Les Olieux, established at Les Monges in 1204. In 1189, the monastery was absorbed by Fontfroide. At the time, it had six monks, three nuns (who lived at Les Olieux) and four lay brothers. Its prior, now Guilhem du Lac, and his five brothers formally donated the monastery and all its holdings to Fontfroide. The charter of donation survives, dated to 11 September 1189. In subsequent charters, the donation was confirmed by the viscountess and the archbishop, Bernard Gaucelin. Raimond de Bages, the prior of Les Olieux, also donated the properties of that house to Fontfroide. In exchange, Fontfroide agreed to take on Sainte-Eugénie's heavy debts, which had impoverished the monks. The monks and nuns moved into Fontfroide. The former priories became granges. Monasticism at Sainte-Eugénie ended in 1636. Today, the estate is a winery. The Domaine Abbaye Sainte Eugénie is part of the Corbières AOC. It also produces Banyuls.