Kniefall von Warschau

The Żegota Monument is a stone monument dedicated to the Żegota organization, which rescued Jews during the Holocaust in Poland. It is on Anielewicza Street in Warsaw in the Muranów neighborhood of Warsaw, Poland, near the Monument to the Ghetto Heroes and the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews.

The Monument to the Ghetto Heroes (Polish: Pomnik Bohaterów Getta) is a monument in Warsaw, Poland, commemorating the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943 during the Second World War. It is located in the area which was formerly a part of the Warsaw Ghetto, at the spot where the first armed clash of the uprising took place. The monument was built partly of Nazi German materials originally brought to Warsaw in 1942 by Albert Speer for his planned works. The completed monument was formally unveiled in April 1948.

POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews (Polish: Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich) is a museum on the site of the former Warsaw Ghetto. The Hebrew word Polin in the museum's English name means either "Poland" or "rest here" and relates to a legend about the arrival of the first Jews to Poland.The museum's cornerstone was laid in 2007, and the museum opened on 19 April 2013. The core exhibition opened in October 2014 and features a multimedia exhibition about the Jewish community that flourished in Poland for a thousand years up to the World War II Holocaust.The building, a postmodern structure in glass, copper, and concrete, was designed by Finnish architects Rainer Mahlamäki and Ilmari Lahdelma.

The Memorial Route of Jewish Martyrdom and Struggle in Warsaw is located the Muranów district to commemorate people, events and places of the Warsaw Ghetto during the German occupation of Poland. The memorial route begins at the Warsaw Ghetto Monument in the corner of ul. Zamenhofa and ul. Anielewicza and leads the visitor along a path of markers ending at the ul. Stawki near the Umschlagplatz Monument.

Muranów, also designated as the Neighbourhood No. 1, is a municipal neighbourhood of the city of Warsaw, Poland, located within the district of Śródmieście, and administrated by a neighbourhood council. It is located within the City Information System area of Muranów, within the historical neighbourhood of Muranów.

Muranów (pronounced Moora-noof) is a neighbourhood in the districts of Śródmieście (Downtown) and Wola in central Warsaw, the capital of Poland. It was founded in the 17th century. The name is derived from the palace belonging to Simone Giuseppe Belotti, a Venetian architect, who originally came to Warsaw from the island of Murano. It is the northernmost neighbourhood of the downtown area. Muranów was once Warsaw's most multicultural, densely-populated and diverse precinct with historical architecture, bazaars, churches and synagogues. In the interwar period (1918–1939), the district was primarily inhabited by Jews. As a result, the Warsaw Ghetto was set up in Muranów in 1940 by the occupying Germans. After the ghetto uprising in 1943 commanded by Mordechaj Anielewicz, the district was completely destroyed. Only the sparse few buildings survived the war. Muranów was entirely redeveloped after the war into a socreal-modernist district with 1950s-1960s housing estates, tower blocks and, more recently, modern buildings and skyscrapers.

Nalewki is a former name of the Bohaterów Getta (Heroes of the Ghetto) street in Warsaw, Poland, as well as a name applied to the entire borough around it. The street runs from the Długa Street (Long Street) in the New Town towards what was the northern outskirts of the city in the 19th century, and the neighbourhood of Muranów. Until World War II inhabited primarily by Jews, after the war it was rebuilt only partially, part of its former course taken up by a park established after the war. (The historical Nalewki Street's intersection with Franciszkańska was one of the busiest corners of pre-World War II Warsaw; the present Bohaterow Getta does not get that far). The name of the street and the area is derived from marshes that used to cover much of the area in the 18th century.

The Willy Brandt Monument in Warsaw is a monument located in Willy Brandt Square, Warsaw, Poland, near the Museum of the History of Polish Jews. It commemorates German chancellor Willy Brandt and the Warschauer Kniefall, Brandt's act of kneeling at a monument to the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising during his visit in 1970. It was unveiled on 6 December 2000, the day before 30th anniversary of the event, by Chancellor of Germany Gerhard Schröder and Prime Minister of Poland Jerzy Buzek in the presence of Brigitte Seebacher-Brandt and Günter Grass. The author of the bronze plaque depicting a kneeling Willy Brandt was Wiktoria Czechowska-Antoniewska, and the author of the architectural design of the monument was Piotr Drachal.

Ulica Miła 18 (or 18 Pleasant Street in English) was the headquarters "bunker" (actually a hidden shelter) of the Jewish Combat Organization (ŻOB), a Jewish resistance group in the Warsaw Ghetto in Poland during World War II.

The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising was the 1943 act of Jewish resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto in German-occupied Poland during World War II to oppose Nazi Germany's final effort to transport the remaining ghetto population to Majdanek and Treblinka death camps. After the Grossaktion Warsaw of summer 1942, in which more than a quarter of a million Jews were deported from the ghetto to Treblinka and murdered, the remaining Jews began to build bunkers and smuggle weapons and explosives into the ghetto. The left-wing Jewish Combat Organization (ŻOB) and right-wing Jewish Military Union (ŻZW) formed and began to train. A small resistance effort to another roundup in January 1943 was partially successful and spurred Polish resistance groups to support the Jews in earnest. The uprising started on 19 April when the ghetto refused to surrender to the police commander SS-Brigadeführer Jürgen Stroop, who ordered the burning of the ghetto, block by block, ending on 16 May. A total of 13,000 Jews were killed, about half of them burnt alive or suffocated. German casualties were probably fewer than 150, with Stroop reporting 110 casualties [16 killed + 1 dead/93 wounded].It was the largest single revolt by Jews during World War II. The Jews knew that the uprising was doomed and their survival was unlikely. Marek Edelman, the only surviving ŻOB commander, said their inspiration to fight was "not to allow the Germans alone to pick the time and place of our deaths". According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, the uprising was "one of the most significant occurrences in the history of the Jewish people".

In the best-known photograph taken during the 1943 Warsaw Ghetto uprising, a boy holds his hands over his head while SS-Rottenführer Josef Blösche points a submachine gun in his direction. The boy and others hid in a bunker during the final liquidation of the ghetto, but they were caught and forced out by German troops. After the photograph was taken, all of the Jews in the photograph were marched to the Umschlagplatz and deported to Majdanek extermination camp or Treblinka. The exact location and the photographer are not known, and Blösche is the only person in the photograph who can be identified with certainty. The image is one of the most famous photographs of the Holocaust, and the boy came to represent children in the Holocaust, as well as all Jewish victims.

The Warsaw concentration camp (German: Konzentrationslager Warschau, KL Warschau; see other names) was a German concentration camp created on the order of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler on the ruins of the Warsaw Ghetto, on the base of the now nonexistent Gęsiówka prison in what is today the Warsaw neighbourhood of Muranów. It operated from July 1943 to August 1944. KL Warschau first functioned as a camp in its own right. However, in May 1944 it became a branch of the Majdanek concentration camp. In late July 1944, due to the Red Army approaching, the Germans started to evacuate the camp. Around 4,000 inmates were forced to march on foot to Kutno, 120 km (75 mi) away; those who survived were then transported to the Dachau concentration camp. On 5 August 1944, the camp was captured by Battalion Zośka during the Warsaw Uprising, liberating 348 Jews who were still left on its premises. It was the only German camp to be liberated by anti-Nazi resistance forces rather than by Allied troops. The Encyclopedia on Camps and Ghettos says that a total of 8,000 to 9,000 inmates were held there. Bogusław Kopka estimates that at least 7,250 of the camp's prisoners, all but 300 of whom were Jews from various European countries who were used as forced labour to clean the ruins of the Warsaw Ghetto and to find and sort whatever precious items were still left on its territory, with the ultimate goal of creating a park in the former ghetto's area. The camp and adjacent ruins were also used by the German administration as a place of execution, where Polish political prisoners, Jews caught on the "Aryan side", and persons rounded up on Warsaw streets were killed. About 4,000 to 5,000 prisoners died during the camp's existence, while the total number of deaths attributable to the camp's activity is estimated at 20,000.The camp, which played a minor role in the Holocaust and thus seldom appears in mainstream historiography, has been at the centre of a conspiracy theory, first promoted by Maria Trzcińska, a Polish judge who served for 22 years as a member of the Chief Commission for the Prosecution of Crimes against the Polish Nation. The theory, refuted by mainstream historians, contends that KL Warschau was an extermination camp which operated a giant gas chamber inside a tunnel near Warszawa Zachodnia railroad station and that 200,000 mainly non-Jewish Poles were gassed there.After the Nazis were expelled from Warsaw by the Red Army, the new communist administration continued to run the buildings as a forced-labour camp, and then as a prison, until it was closed in 1956. All the camp's premises were demolished in 1965.