Joanic (Barcelona Metro)

Barcelonès (Catalan pronunciation: [bəɾsəluˈnɛs]) is the most economically important comarca (county) of Catalonia, Spain. Its capital is Barcelona, which is also the capital of Catalonia.

The Blockade of Barcelona from September to December 1808, was the attempt to recapture Barcelona during the Peninsular War.

El Camp d'en Grassot i Gràcia Nova (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈkam dəŋ ɡɾəˈsɔt i ˈɣɾasiə ˈnɔβə]) is a borough in the city of Barcelona in Catalonia in Spain. It is part of the district of Gràcia.

Travessera de Gràcia is a street in Barcelona named after Gràcia, a district it crosses, even though it also spans two other districts. It starts in Plaça de Francesc Macià in Sarrià-Sant Gervasi and ends in Carrer de Cartagena in Horta-Guinardó, where one of the landmarks of the city, the Hospital de Sant Pau stands. Its central part follows the outline of a medieval road, Via Francisca, documented in 1057. Its current name was approved in 1932. Before 1867, it was known as Travesera, with the older spelling and no reference to the neighbourhood, since Gràcia was an independent village. The street's other names include Orden and Solar. One of the main markets of the city in its heyday was also on this street: Mercat de l'Abaceria Central, which opened in 1892. In Travessera de Gràcia number 9 are the headquarters of perfume and fashion company Puig.

Gràcia (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈɡɾasiə]) is a district of the city of Barcelona, Spain. It comprises the neighborhoods of Vila de Gràcia, Vallcarca i els Penitents, El Coll, La Salut and Camp d'en Grassot i Gràcia Nova. Gràcia is bordered by the districts of Eixample to the south, Sarrià-Sant Gervasi to the west and Horta-Guinardó to the east. A vibrant and diverse enclave of Catalan life, Gràcia was an independent municipality for centuries before being formally annexed by Barcelona in 1897 as a part of the city's expansion.

The siege of Barcelona took place between July 1651 and October 1652 during the Catalan Revolt when a large Spanish army descended on Barcelona and besieged the garrison made up of Catalans and French troops under Philippe de La Mothe-Houdancourt. The fifteen-month siege eventually ended with a Spanish victory, and the effective defeat of the Catalan Revolt which had lasted since 1640. Although French troops remained in parts of Catalonia for another seven years, no serious fighting took place, and in 1659 the Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed bringing a formal end to the conflict.

The siege of Barcelona (Catalan: Setge de Barcelona, IPA: [ˈsedʒə ðə βəɾsəˈlonə]) was a battle at the end of the War of Spanish Succession, which pitted Archduke Charles of Austria (backed by Great Britain and the Netherlands, i.e. the Grand Alliance) against Philip V of Spain, backed by France in a contest for the Spanish crown.

The Naval battle of Barcelona was a naval engagement of the Franco-Habsburg War fought off Barcelona from 29 June to 3 July 1642 between a Spanish fleet commanded by Juan Alonso Idiáquez, Duke of Ciudad Real, and a French fleet under Jean Armand de Maillé-Brézé, Duc de Fronsac. In a three-day battle, Brézé defeated the Spanish fleet, which was attempting to relieve some Spanish garrisons isolated along the Catalan coast, and forced the Duke of Ciudad Real to retreat to Majorca for repairs. As usual in most of the battles involving Maillé-Brézé, the French fleet made an extensive use of her fireships. This time, however, a large French vice-flagship, the Galion de Guise, fell victim to one of his own fireships and went down enveloped in flames. The victory, in any case, was for the French fleet, and its main long-term effect was the fall of Perpignan into the hands of the Franco-Catalan army.

The Battle of Barcelona (June 9–11, 1359) was a naval engagement fought in the coastal region of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, between the navies of the Crowns of Aragon and Castile, during the War of the Two Peters. A number of months beforehand, a large Castilian fleet had been assembled at Seville by order of the King of Castile, Peter I. Consisting of 128 warships including royal vessels, ships from the King of Castile's vassals, and several others that had been sent by the Castilian-allied monarchs of Portugal and Granada, this large fleet had been entrusted to the Genoese admiral, Egidio Boccanegra, who was seconded by two of his relatives, Ambrogio and Bartolome. With Peter I also on board, as well as many distinguished noblemen and knights, the Castilian fleet set sail from Seville in April. Traversing the coast of Valencia and forcing the surrender of the Castle of Guardamar, it appeared before Barcelona on June 9. The king, Peter IV of Aragon and III of Barcelona, who was present at the city, organized the defense, together with the counts, Bernat III of Cabrera and Hug II of Cardona. The Aragonese disposed of ten galleys, a nau, and several small craft garrisoned by companies of crossbowmen, besides a line of siege weapons. Despite its inferior size, the fleet managed to repulse the Castilian attacks in a two-day battle that saw the first use of naval artillery: a bombard was mounted aboard the Aragonese nau and her shots heavily damaged one of the biggest naus of Peter I.

The siege of Barcelona took place between 3 and 27 April 1706 during the War of the Spanish Succession when a Franco-Spanish army laid siege to Barcelona in an attempt to recapture the city following its fall to an English-led Allied army the previous year.After the Earl of Peterborough entered Valencia in triumph in January 1706, Barcelona was left vulnerable. This led the French to change the plans of attacking Valencia and try to besiege Barcelona instead, while the city was blocked from the sea-side by the Count of Toulouse. The Spanish forces were led by Philip V, while René de Froulay, Comte de Tessé was placed in charge of the French land forces during the siege.Despite insufficient artillery and the constant harassment from Peterborough, who marched north with 3000 men and attacked the besiegers from the mountains, the Franco-Spanish forces finally managed to shoot three breaches in the walls. But before the decision to storm the city could be made, the siege was abandoned, following the appearance of a large English fleet under the command of John Leake carrying reinforcements.The Franco-Spanish army abandoned its supplies and artillery in its hasty retreat. Phillip was cut off from returning to Madrid, and so he crossed into France. Barcelona and the entire region of Catalonia remained in Allied hands until 1714.After the Grand Alliance victory at Barcelona, the solar eclipse of May 12, 1706 was widely interpreted as the “eclipse of Sun King”, i.e., the dimming of Louis XIV, king of France, while the French court officially regarded the eclipse only as a scientific phenomenon.

The Corpus de Sang (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈkɔɾpuz ðə ˈsaŋ], "Corpus of Blood") was a riot which took place in Sant Andreu de Palomar and later in Barcelona on 7-10 June 1640, during Corpus Christi, which marked a turning point in the development of the Reapers' War.The riot was between a group of harvesters and some local "andreuencs", during which one harvester was badly hurt.

The Barcelona of 1842 was a keg of social conflict. The 'Bombardment of Barcelona' of December 3, 1842 occurred in Spain during the reign of Isabella II. It was ordered personally by the general Baldomero Espartero to end an insurgency that started in Barcelona the previous month and had forced the army to take refuge in the Montjuic Castle and Parc de la Ciutadella. The city, packed by all social strata of society into the same space, confronted each other in a climate of permanent tension that foreshadowed an eventual explosion of violence. The Montjuic Castle now acquired its new historical purpose in regards to the new beginnings of liberal Barcelona. The indiscriminate artillery bombardment of the city was made from Montjuïc under the command of Captain General Antonio Van Halen.Espartero was a Spanish general/ politician that played a prominent role in the bombardment. He also served as prime minister for Spain 3 times. He was associated with Spanish liberalism that would ultimately use him as a symbol of victory over the Carlists. He ordered the bombardment of the city from Montjuic as punishment for the spontaneous protests. It is said that a group of workers returning to the city, refused to pay the burot, that is, the tax charged for bringing food into the city. The uprising spread like wildfire, and within hours the working classes of the city had taken up a war footing to reclaim everything. The cannons fired 1014 projectiles and caused at least twenty deaths and widespread destruction throughout the city. Also, very prominent during this time was the reign of Isabella II (1833-1868). This was seen as very troubled as she first came to the throne as an infant. Her succession was disputed by the Carlists, who refused to recognize a female sovereign, leading to the Carlist Wars. Isabella’s failure to respond to growing demands for a more progressive regime contributed to the decline in monarchical strength. The Carlist War was a civil war in Spain that was fought between factions over the succession to the throne and the Spanish monarchy. This was one of the major stepping stones that led to the bombardment. The Carlist force was made up of all who opposed the liberal revolution: small rural nobility, lower clerics, and many farmers that believed all that liberalism would bring was higher taxes. The 'Bombardment of Barcelona' of December 3, 1842 occurred in Spain during the reign of Isabella II. It was ordered personally by the general Baldomero Espartero to end an insurgency that started in Barcelona the previous month and had forced the army to take refuge in the Montjuic Castle and Parc de la Ciutadella. The indiscriminate artillery bombardment of the city was made from Montjuïc under the command of Captain General Antonio Van Halen.