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Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346)

1346 disestablishments in EuropeDenmark–Estonia relationsFormer Danish coloniesGeographic history of EstoniaMedieval Estonia
States and territories established in 1219
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Flag of Denmark (state)

The Duchy of Estonia (Danish: Hertugdømmet Estland Latin: Ducatus Estoniae), also known as Danish Estonia, was a direct dominion (Latin: dominium directum) of the King of Denmark from 1219 until 1346 when it was sold to the Teutonic Order and became part of the Ordensstaat. Denmark rose as a great military and mercantile power in the 12th century. It had an interest in ending the frequent Estonian attacks that threatened its Baltic trade. Danish fleets attacked Estonia in 1170, 1194, and 1197. In 1206, King Valdemar II and archbishop Andreas Sunonis led a raid on Ösel island (Saaremaa). The Kings of Denmark claimed Estonia, and this was recognised by the pope. In 1219 the Danish fleet landed in the major harbor of Estonia and defeated the Estonians in the Battle of Lindanise that brought Northern Estonia under Danish rule until the Estonian uprising in 1343, when the territories were taken over by the Teutonic Order. They were sold by Denmark in 1346.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346) (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Duchy of Estonia (1219–1346)
Estonia pst, Tallinn Kesklinna linnaosa

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude Longitude
N 59.433333333333 ° E 24.75 °
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Address

Eesti Panga muuseum

Estonia pst 11
15095 Tallinn, Kesklinna linnaosa
Estonia
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Phone number
Eesti Pank

call+3726680760

Website
eestipank.info

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Flag of Denmark (state)
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Reval

The Bishropic of Reval was a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Reval, Duchy of Estonia created by Valdemar II of Denmark in 1240. Contradictory to canon law, Valdemar II reserved the right to appoint the bishops of Reval to himself and his successor kings of Denmark. The decision to simply nominate the see of Reval was unique in the whole Catholic Church at the time and was disputed by bishops and the Pope. During the era, the election of bishops was never established in Reval and the royal rights to the bishopric and to nominate the bishops was even included in the treaty when the territories of the Duchy of Estonia were sold to Teutonic Order in 1346.Until 1374 the see was suffragan to the Archbishop of Lund after which it was transferred to the Archbishopric of Riga.The Bishopric of Reval came to an end during the Protestant Reformation in the Livonian Confederation. The last titular bishop of the see was Magnus, Duke of Holstein younger brother of Frederick II of Denmark who had bought Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek on the eve of the Livonian War. Magnus landed on Ösel (Saaremaa) in 1560 and soon after the bishop of Reval also resigned his bishopric to Magnus' hands. Magnus' attempt to gain control of the Toompea Castle in Reval was prevented by Gotthard Kettler, the master of Livonian Order. In 1561 Eric XIV of Sweden took control over Reval and after the Livonian war it became the capital city of Swedish Estonia.