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Nordic Library at Athens

AC with 0 elementsAthens building and structure stubsForeign Archaeological Institutes in GreeceLibraries established in 1996Libraries in Athens

The Nordic Library at Athens (Greek: Βιβλιοθήκη των Βορείων Χωρών στην Αθήνα) is one of several international archaeological libraries in Athens, Greece. It is located in the Makrigianni area of Athens. It was established in 1995, as a cooperative venture run by the Danish Institute at Athens, the Finnish Institute at Athens, the Norwegian Institute at Athens and the Swedish Institute at Athens. It currently holds about 40,000 volumes.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Nordic Library at Athens (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors).

Nordic Library at Athens
Ροβέρτου Γκάλλι, Athens

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N 37.9682 ° E 23.7269 °
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Ροβέρτου Γκάλλι 6
117 42 Athens (1st District of Athens)
Attica, Greece
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Choragic Monument of Nikias
Choragic Monument of Nikias

The Choragic Monument of Nikias is a memorial building built in the Acropolis of Athens in 320–319 BCE to commemorate the choregos Nikias, son of Nikodemos. It was situated between the Theatre of Dionysos and the Stoa of Eumenes where its foundations remain along with some fragmentary elements of the structure. It was built in the form of a substantial hexastyle Doric temple with a square cella and might have been surmounted with the prize tripod of the Dionysia. The monument was dismantled at some point in late antiquity and the masonry reused in the Buelé Gate. Most of the surviving architectural remains of the choragic monument are built into the central portion of the Buelé Gate, which was uncovered and identified by its inscription by Charles Ernest Beulé in 1852.The original site of the monument, however, was not excavated until 1885 by Wilhelm Dörpfeld, who four years later discovered the foundations of the building and some other fragmentary members. William Dinsmoor confirmed Dörpfeld's conclusions in a detailed analysis and associated the foundations with the epistyle preserved on the Buelé Gate. The exact date of the destruction of the monument is unknown, however, Dinsmoor argued that it might have been at the same time as the demolition of the Stoa of Eumenes either in the late Roman period or at the time of the reconstruction of the Theatre of Dionysos by Phaidros in the 3rd or 4th century CE.Two of the major choragic monuments that have survived (Thrasyllos' and Nikias') belong to the period of oligarchic rule under the Macedonian regency, and it is perhaps significant that these are not on the Street of the Tripods, where most choragic prizes and monuments were placed. The conspicuous display of wealth and prestige they represent may have been an attempt to further the political careers of the choregoi and as such prompted the sumptuary law of Demetrios of Phaleron.

Bema of Phaidros
Bema of Phaidros

The Bema of Phaidros is the marble platform created in the third century CE that served as stage front to the Theatre of Dionysos in Athens. It is decorated with a Neo-Attic Roman sculpture of the Hadrianic or Antonine period, this sculpture was dismantled sometime in antiquity, moved from an unknown location, and rebuilt into the bema of the Theatre by Phaidros, archon of Athens. Four stone reliefs decorate the stage front illustrating scenes from the life of Dionysos they are: 1) The birth of Dionysos, 2) the entrance of Dionysos into Attica, 3) the sacred marriage of Dionysos and the Basilinna and 4) the enthronement of Dionysos. These scenes are framed by crouching Silenoi. The sculpture, reading the viewer's from right to left, begins with a scene that can be taken to be the birth of Dionysos. It consists of four figures beginning with a semi-draped seated figure who is likely Zeus facing him is a youth holding a small child, presumed to be Hermes and the infant Dionysos at the moment of his second birth from the thing of Zeus. Framing the scene are two nude male figures each holding a shield, these have been conjectured to be either korybantes or kouretes. The next slab represents the bestowing of the gift of wine, the introduction of the worship of Dionysos to Attica and alludes to the beginnings of tragedy. Again there are four figures; reading right to left they are, a young male figure in a chlamys and lion skin gesturing to his right. Immediately next is a figure identified by his attributes of grapevine, leopard skin and cothurni as Dionysos. Between him and the adjacent figure to his right is a small altar, this latter figure may be Ikarios accompanied by his dog Maera and a tethered goat. To the viewer's left is a draped female, possibly a maenad, sometimes identified as Erigone On the third slab are three figures with a fourth figure lost over time, they are conjectured to be, from left to right, Tyche Dionysos and Basilinna. The final slab on the viewer's far left consists perhaps of, from left to right, Tyche, Theseus, Basilianna, and Dionysos enthroned.It is evident from the way in which the sculptures have been cut down in size to fit their present placement, and for chronological reasons, that they are reused, secondary material. No conclusive solution has been put forward for the original date or location of the sculptures, though it has been suggested that they may have been meant for the scaenae frons of the high pulpitum built during the first half of the second century.