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Buxton National Historic Site and Museum

African-American museums in CanadaBlack Canadian culture in OntarioBlack Canadian organizationsHistory museums in OntarioHistory of Black people in Canada
Museums in Chatham-KentNational Historic Sites in OntarioUnderground Railroad locationsUse Canadian English from January 2023
Buxton National Historic Site and Museum 01
Buxton National Historic Site and Museum 01

The Buxton National Historic Site and Museum is a tribute to the Elgin Settlement (also known as the Buxton Mission, Raleigh, Kent County), established in 1849 by Reverend William King (1812–1895),: 40  and an association which included Lord Elgin, then the Governor General of Canada. King, a former slave owner turned abolitionist, purchased 9,000 acres (36 km2) of crown land in Southwestern Ontario and created a haven for fugitive slaves and free Blacks.: 41 King brought fifteen of his former slaves with him,: 11  where they could live a free life. The Elgin settlement was divided into 50-acre (200,000 m2) lots, intended with one house on each farm lot.: 40  These sold for $2.50/acre, with six percent interest, and could be paid over the course of ten years. By 1864, there was a steam grist mill, steam saw-mill, shoe shop, two general stores, a blacksmith, cooperage, school with forty students on average, and a church (24 by 32 feet (7.3 m × 9.8 m)) seating 200.: 40  For many fugitive slaves, the Buxton settlement was the final stop on the Underground Railroad from the United States – of the twenty-five terminal stations in Canada, seven were in the counties of Kent or Essex.: 11 The need for the mission was considered no longer and the Buxton Mission Fund was closed by 1865 when 'the liberty of the slaves was proclaimed' at the end of the American Civil War.: 42–43 Opened in 1967, the museum complex includes the main building with exhibits about the community and its history, an 1861 schoolhouse, an 1854 log cabin, and a barn. Local historic church cemeteries are adjacent to the museum. The museum is located in North Buxton, Ontario, near South Buxton in Chatham-Kent.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Buxton National Historic Site and Museum (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Buxton National Historic Site and Museum
Ad Shadd Road,

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N 42.305666666667 ° E -82.220416666667 °
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Buxton Historic Site & Museum

Ad Shadd Road 21975
N0P 1Y0
Ontario, Canada
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buxtonmuseum.com

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Buxton National Historic Site and Museum 01
Buxton National Historic Site and Museum 01
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North Buxton
North Buxton

North Buxton is a dispersed rural community located in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. It was established in 1849 as a community for and by former African-American slaves who escaped to Canada to gain freedom. Rev. William King, a Scots-Irish/American Presbyterian minister and abolitionist, had organized the Elgin Association to buy 9,000 acres of land for resettlement of the refugees, to give them a start in Canada. Within a few years, numerous families were living here, having cleared land, built houses, and developed crops. They established schools and churches, and were thriving before the American Civil War. There was great interest in the settlement among Americans. Buxton was visited by a reporter from the New York Herald Tribune in 1857, and by the head of the American Freedmen's Inquiry Commission in the summer of 1863, established after President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation had freed many slaves in the American South during the Civil War. The resultant reports praised the achievements of the people of Buxton and other African Americans in Canada. The community is within the Chatham-Kent municipality, at the junction of Chatham-Kent Roads 6 and 14. Its population in the early 21st century is approximately 250, over half of whom are Black Canadians. North Buxton's historic population peaked at more than 2000, almost exclusively descendants of free blacks and fugitive slaves who had escaped the United States via the Underground Railroad. Upper Canada (now known as the province of Ontario, after the Dominion of Canada was confederated in 1867) was the first British colony to abolish slavery, in 1793. Though slavery had never been widespread in Canada, Great Britain abolished slavery in its colonies in 1838. The related community is South Buxton.