Saint-Martin-de-Fontenay

Saint-André-sur-Orne (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃.t‿ɑ̃dʁe syʁ ɔʁn] , literally Saint-André on Orne; named Saint-André-de-Fontenay until 1911) is a village in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

The Duchy of Normandy grew out of the 911 Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between King Charles III of West Francia and the Viking leader Rollo. The duchy was named for its inhabitants, the Normans. From 1066 until 1204, as a result of the Norman conquest of England, the dukes of Normandy were usually also kings of England, the only exceptions being Dukes Robert Curthose (1087–1106), Geoffrey Plantagenet (1144–1150), and Henry II (1150–1152), who became king of England in 1154. In 1202, Philip II of France declared Normandy forfeit to him and seized it by force of arms in 1204. It remained disputed territory until the Treaty of Paris of 1259, when the English sovereign ceded his claim except for the Channel Islands; i.e., the Bailiwicks of Guernsey and Jersey, and their dependencies (including Sark). In the Kingdom of France, the duchy was occasionally set apart as an appanage to be ruled by a member of the royal family. After 1469, however, it was permanently united to the royal domain, although the title was occasionally conferred as an honorific upon junior members of the royal family. The last French duke of Normandy in this sense was Louis-Charles, duke from 1785 to 1792. The title "Duke of Normandy" continues to be used in an informal manner in the Channel Islands, to refer to the monarch of the United Kingdom.

Saint-Martin-de-May is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It was formed on 1 January 2025, with the merger of May-sur-Orne and Saint-Martin-de-Fontenay.

May-sur-Orne (French pronunciation: [mɛ syʁ ɔʁn] , literally May on Orne) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

Ifs (French pronunciation: [if] ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

Fleury-sur-Orne (French pronunciation: [flœʁi syʁ ɔʁn] , literally Fleury on Orne) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. It is part of the Communauté urbaine Caen la Mer and of the agglomeration of Caen.

The canton of Ifs is an administrative division of the Calvados department, northwestern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Ifs.

Fontenay-le-Marmion (French pronunciation: [fɔ̃tnɛ lə maʁmjɔ̃] ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

The Laize is a river in northwestern France, crossing the department of Calvados. It is 31.98 km long. Its source is in Martigny-sur-l'Ante, and it flows into the river Orne. The Laize flows through the area known as Suisse Normande.

Feuguerolles-Bully (French pronunciation: [føɡ(ə)ʁɔl byli] ) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France.

Laize-la-Ville (French pronunciation: [lɛz la vil] ) is a former commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Laize-Clinchamps.

Operation Spring (July 25–27, 1944) was an offensive operation of the Second World War conducted by II Canadian Corps during the Normandy campaign in 1944. The plan was intended to create pressure on the German forces operating on the British and Canadian front simultaneous with Operation Cobra, an American offensive. Operation Spring was intended to capture Verrières Ridge and the villages on the south slope of the ridge. The German defence of the ridge contained the offensive on the first day and inflicted many casualties on the Canadians.