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Tenerife airport disaster

1977 in Spain1977 in the NetherlandsAccidents and incidents involving the Boeing 747Airliner accidents and incidents caused by pilot errorAirliner accidents and incidents caused by tailstrikes
Airliner accidents and incidents involving fogAirliner accidents and incidents involving ground collisionsAviation accidents and incidents in 1977Aviation accidents and incidents in SpainHistory of the Canary IslandsKLM accidents and incidentsMarch 1977 in EuropeNetherlands–Spain relationsNetherlands–United States relationsPan Am accidents and incidentsSpain–United States relationsTenerifeUse American English from November 2015
Het verongelukte KLM toestel De Rijn, Bestanddeelnr 929 1005 cropped
Het verongelukte KLM toestel De Rijn, Bestanddeelnr 929 1005 cropped

The Tenerife airport disaster occurred on 27 March 1977, when two Boeing 747 passenger jets collided on the runway at Los Rodeos Airport (now Tenerife North Airport) on the Spanish island of Tenerife. The Incident occurred at 5:06 pm WET (UTC+0) in dense fog, when KLM Flight 4805 initiated its takeoff run, colliding with the right side of Pan Am Flight 1736 still on the runway. The impact and the resulting fire killed all 248 people on board the KLM plane and 335 of the 396 people on board the Pan Am plane, with only 61 survivors in the front section of the latter aircraft. With a total of 583 fatalities, the disaster is the deadliest accident in aviation history. The two aircraft had landed at Los Rodeos earlier that Sunday, and were among a number of aircraft diverted to Los Rodeos due to a bomb explosion at their intended destination of Gran Canaria Airport. The airport had become congested with parked airplanes blocking the only taxiway, forcing departing aircraft to taxi on the runway. Patches of thick fog were drifting across the airfield, so visibility was greatly reduced for pilots and the control tower. The subsequent investigation by Spanish authorities concluded that the primary cause of the accident was the KLM captain's decision to take off in the mistaken belief that a takeoff clearance from air traffic control (ATC) had been issued. Dutch investigators placed a greater emphasis on a mutual misunderstanding in radio communications between the KLM crew and ATC, but ultimately KLM admitted that their crew was responsible for the accident and the airline agreed to financially compensate the relatives of all of the victims. The disaster had a lasting influence on the industry, highlighting in particular the vital importance of using standard phraseology in radio communications. Cockpit procedures were also reviewed, contributing to the establishment of crew resource management as a fundamental part of airline pilots' training. The captain is no longer considered infallible, and combined crew input is encouraged during aircraft operations.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Tenerife airport disaster (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Tenerife airport disaster
Carretera General del Norte, San Cristóbal de La Laguna San Lázaro

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N 28.48165 ° E -16.3384 °
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Aeropuerto de Tenerife Norte - Los Rodeos

Carretera General del Norte
38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, San Lázaro
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Het verongelukte KLM toestel De Rijn, Bestanddeelnr 929 1005 cropped
Het verongelukte KLM toestel De Rijn, Bestanddeelnr 929 1005 cropped
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Iglesia de la Concepción (San Cristóbal de La Laguna)
Iglesia de la Concepción (San Cristóbal de La Laguna)

The Iglesia-Parroquia Matriz de Nuestra Señora de La Concepción (Church of the Immaculate Conception) is a Roman Catholic church located in the city of San Cristóbal de La Laguna (Canary Islands, Spain). This church is almost a twin of the Church of the Conception of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. It was the first parish was established in Tenerife. The site of the church was established by the conqueror Alonso Fernández de Lugo after the celebration of the feast of Corpus Christi in 1496. The Church of the Conception was founded in 1511. Today people can climb the tower to view much of the city of San Cristóbal de La Laguna. It houses the largest bell in the Canary Islands. The Church of the Conception was declared of a site of cultural interest, specifically in the category of National Historic Monument in 1948. Inside the temple is the miraculous oil of St. John the Evangelist, the icon miraculously sweat during a Black Death in 1648, after this miracle the disease disappeared from the island. The Church of the Concepción is home to numerous brotherhoods, including the Pontificia, Imperial, Real y Venerable Hermandad de la Purísima Concepción, which in 1757 was added to the Brotherhood of the Immaculate Conception of the Basilica of Saint Lawrence outside the Walls in Rome.Outside the temple next to the entrance door is the Monument to Pope John Paul II, Polish sculptor Czeslaw Dzwigaj representing the pontiff blessed with two children dressed in traditional costumes of the Canary Islands. The statue was brought from Poland and was blessed by the Bishop of Tenerife, Bernardo Álvarez Afonso and the archpriest of the Basilica of Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, Santos Abril y Castelló.

San Cristóbal de La Laguna
San Cristóbal de La Laguna

San Cristóbal de La Laguna (commonly known as La Laguna, Spanish pronunciation: [saŋ kɾisˈtoβal de la laˈɣuna]) is a city and municipality in the northern part of the island of Tenerife in the Province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, on the Canary Islands, Spain. The former capital of the Canary Islands, the city is the third-most populous city of the archipelago and the second-most populous city of the island. La Laguna's historical center was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1999. La Laguna is situated alongside the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife; thus, the two cities and municipalities form a single large urban center. Its economy is business-oriented while agriculture dominates the northeastern portion of the city. The urban area dominates the central and the southern parts. La Laguna is considered to be the cultural capital of the Canary Islands. In this city one finds the house of the spectre of Catalina Lercaro, as well as the incorrupt body of Sor María de Jesús, and the Christ of La Laguna (Cristo de La Laguna). Another emblematic building of the city is the Cathedral of La Laguna, which is the Catholic cathedral of Tenerife and its diocese (Diocese of Tenerife). Important historical figures of the city include Amaro Pargo, one of the famous corsairs of the Golden Age of Piracy, and José de Anchieta, Catholic saint and missionary and founder of the cities of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil.