Kielce Synagogue

Kielce (Polish: [ˈkʲɛlt͡sɛ] ; Yiddish: קעלץ, romanized: Keltz) is a city in southern Poland and the capital of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. In 2021, it had 192,468 inhabitants. The city is in the middle of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), on the banks of the Silnica River, in the northern part of the historical Polish province of Lesser Poland. Kielce has a history back over 900 years, and the exact date that it was founded remains unknown. Kielce was once an important centre of limestone mining, and the vicinity is famous for its natural resources like copper, lead, uranium, and iron, which, over the centuries, were exploited on a large scale. There are several fairs and exhibitions held in Kielce throughout the year. One of the city's most famous food products is Kielecki Mayonnaise, a type of mayonnaise.The city and its surroundings are also known for their historic architecture, green spaces, and recreational areas like the Świętokrzyski National Park. In sports, the city is known as the home of the top-tier handball club, multiple Polish Champion, and one-time EHF Champions League winner Vive Kielce.

The Kielce Ghetto (Polish: getto w Kielcach, German: Ghetto von Kielce) was a Jewish World War II ghetto created in 1941 by the Schutzstaffel (SS) in the Polish city of Kielce in the south-western region of the Second Polish Republic, occupied by German forces from 4 September 1939. Before the Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939, Kielce was the capital of the Kielce Voivodeship. The Germans incorporated the city into Distrikt Radom of the semi-colonial General Government territory. The liquidation of the ghetto took place in August 1942, with over 21,000 victims (men, women and children) deported to their deaths at the Treblinka extermination camp, and several thousands more shot, face-to-face.There was a considerable Jewish presence in Kielce. The Kehilla operated two synagogues, a beth midrash house of learning, a mikveh, the cemetery with ohalim, an orphanage, a retirement home, three elementary schools, two high schools, a Talmudic college and a large Tarbut library with 10,000 volumes. There were also numerous organizations and societies including two sports clubs. Nevertheless, the economic crisis of the 1930 prompted many younger Jews to emigrate before the war began, mostly to America.

Kielce Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kieleckie) - a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1921–1939. At that time, it covered northern counties of the historic province of Lesser Poland, including such cities as Radom, Częstochowa and Sosnowiec. On 1 April 1938, its borders changed, see: Territorial changes of Polish Voivodeships on 1 April 1938. Capital city: Kielce.

Kielce Governorate was an administrative-territotial unit (guberniya) of Congress Poland of the Russian Empire.

The Kielce pogrom of 1918 refers to the events that occurred on 11 November 1918, in the Polish city of Kielce located in current Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. According to 1919 Report by Henry Morgenthau, Sr. who led the Mission of The United States to Poland; during Poland's fight for independence towards the end of the First World War, shortly after the Austro-Hungarian troops were evacuated from Kielce by their military command, the city authorities allowed local Jewish community to hold a rally at the Polish Theatre. The participants rallied behind the Jewish demand for political and cultural autonomy. According to one U.S. source, during the rally, anti-Polish speeches were also being delivered. A respected lawyer, Mr. Frajzyngier, who attempted to deliver a public address in Polish was booed. The angry audience shouted: "No Polish language here!" According to Stanisław Białek from the Jan Karski Society, the voices of protest sparked a rumour about the anti-Polish character of the meeting. As the meeting went on, a crowd of Polish onlookers gathered outside the theatre.At 6:30 P.M. the meeting began to break up, wrote Morgenthau. Only about 300 people remained in the auditorium. Soon, a group of soldiers entered the theatre and began to search for arms, driving the Jews towards the stairs, where a double line of extremists, some armed with clubs and bayonets beat the Jews as they were leaving the building according to Morgenthau. Outside the theatre, Jews were assaulted by the mob again. Jewish homes and shops were damaged. During the pogrom four Jews were killed and a large number wounded, wrote Morgenthau. "A number of civilians have been indicted for participation in this excess", but had not been brought to trial by the time his report was delivered.

The Kielce pogrom was an outbreak of violence toward the Jewish community centre's gathering of refugees in the city of Kielce, Poland, on 4 July 1946 by Polish soldiers, police officers, and civilians during which 42 Jews were killed and more than 40 were wounded. Polish courts later sentenced nine of the attackers to death in connection with the crimes.As the deadliest pogrom against Polish Jews after the Second World War, the incident was a significant point in the post-war history of Jews in Poland. It took place only a year after the end of the Second World War and the Holocaust, shocking Jews in Poland, non-Jewish Poles, and the international community. It has been recognized as a symptom of the precarious condition of Eastern European Jewish communities in the aftermath of the Holocaust and as a catalyst for the flight from Poland of most remaining Polish Jews who had survived the war.

Kielce Voivodeship (Polish: województwo kieleckie) is a former unit of administrative division and the local government in Poland. It was originally formed during Poland's return to independence in the aftermath of World War One, and recreated within the new Polish borders after the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War Two.

The Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Polish: Bazylika katedralna Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Kielcach ) simplified to Kielce Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic church that has the status of cathedral and basilica located in the city of Kielce in Poland. It is located in the "Castle Hill" in the heart of the city, next to the Palace of the Bishops of Kraków, also a famous landmark. It was built during the 12th century by the Bishop of Kraków, Gedeon. It was destroyed by the tartars in 1260. Then, in 1719 Bishop Kazimierz Lubienski began to reconstruct the building in the early Baroque style that still characterizes it. Inside, the three ships have a variety of colors in the frescoes of painters of the nineteenth century Kraków. The high altar, the work of Fontana, is also baroque and rococo style. The cathedral is a shrine of Our Lady of Graces (Matka Boża Łaskawa). The icon of Blessed Virgin Mary was crowned in 1636, but the silver-gold dress together with many votive offerings, left as thanksgivings, were stolen. It was crowned again in 1872.

The Diocese of Kielce (Latin: Dioecesis Kielcensis) is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Kielce in the ecclesiastical province of Kraków in Poland. Its Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Kielce is listed as a Historic Monument of Poland.

The Palace of the Kraków Bishops in Kielce (Polish: Pałac Biskupów Krakowskich w Kielcach), was built in the 17th century as a summer residence of bishops of Kraków in Kielce, Poland. The architecture of the palace constitutes a unique mélange of Polish and Italian traditions and reflects political ambitions of its founder. Currently the palace houses a branch of the National Museum with an important gallery of Polish paintings.

National Museum in Kielce (Polish: Muzeum Narodowe w Kielcach) is a museum located in the Palace of the Kraków Bishops, Kielce, Poland. Its collections include valuable exhibits in the field of painting, handicraft, folk art, archeology, and natural sciences.

The Kielce University of Technology (Polish: Politechnika Świętokrzyska) is a relatively young institution, although the traditions of higher education in Kielce go back to the beginning of the 19th century. It was here that Stanisław Staszic founded the Mining Academy, one of the first higher schools in Poland, which operated in the years 1816–1826 and provided qualified personnel to meet the needs of the Old Polish Industrial Basin. Higher education became available in Kielce again in 1965 when Kielce-Radom Evening Higher Engineering School was established. It was transformed into the Kielce University of Technology in 1974. The University has five faculties: Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Computer Science, Faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Management and Computer Modelling.At present, over 9,400 students take courses in seven fields of studies: Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science, Mechanics and Machinery Design, Management and Marketing, Management and Production Engineering. The University is entitled to award a Doctor's degree in five academic disciplines: civil engineering, environmental engineering, electrical engineering, machine building and operation, mechanics, and a degree of Doctor Habilitated in machine building and operation. In the last discipline doctoral courses are also run. Staff of 403 academic teachers, including 81 Professors and Doctors Habilitated and 153 PhDs together with laboratories (e.g. those of acoustic emission, laser technologies, soil mechanics, cracking mechanics, geometrical quantities measurement or materials strength) provide education in all fields of studies and specializations. 27 bilateral agreements provide basis for collaboration in research and teaching with 50 universities from 27 countries. The University is currently running 10 projects being a part of international programmes and also research tasks, one of which belongs to the Fifth EU Framework Programme.