Roman Palestine

Byzantine Palestine or Palaestina refers to the geographic, political, and cultural landscape of Palestine (also known as Land of Israel or Holy Land) during the period of Byzantine rule (early 4th to mid-7th centuries CE), beginning with the consolidation of Constantine’s power in the early 4th century CE and lasting until the Arab-Muslim conquest in the 7th century CE. The term generally designates the territories reorganized into the provinces of Palaestina Prima, Secunda, and Tertia (or Salutaris) between the late 4th and 5th centuries (covering most of modern-day Israel and Palestine and parts of Jordan and Syria. The title "Byzantine" is a modern and artificial term which has been called "imaginary". This division is not unique for Palestine and related to the historiographical line between Ancient history and the Middle Ages. The Byzantine period in Palestine was politically a direct continuation of Roman rule, which began with Pompey’s conquest in 63 BCE and, from 395 CE, persisted in the form of the Eastern Roman Empire. Culturally, it followed a historical continuum that began in 332 BCE with the conquest of Alexander the Great and the incorporation of the Levant into the Hellenistic world, later evolving into a Hellenistic–Roman–Byzantine sphere. The Byzantine period is most distinguished from earlier times by major religious and demographic changes. Christianity became the state religion and Palestine assumed a central place in the Christian world, while the Jewish, Samaritan and polytheistic populations, facing increasing restrictions, became a minorities. The Jewish community declined in influence relative to diaspora communities, with the Babylonian Jewish community emerging as the leading center of Judaism.

Kfar Glikson (Hebrew: כְּפַר גְּלִיקְסוֹן, lit. Glickson Village) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located near Binyamina and Pardes Hana-Karkur, it falls under the jurisdiction of Menashe Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 352.

Alonei Yitzhak (Hebrew: אַלּוֹנֵי יִצְחָק, lit. Yitzhak Oaks) is a youth village in northern Israel. Located near Binyamina, it falls under the jurisdiction of Menashe Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 305.

Kfar Pines (Hebrew: כְּפַר פִּינֶס, lit. Pines Village) is a religious moshav in northern Israel. Located to the north-east of Hadera, adjacent to Pardes Hanna-Karkur and Ein Iron, it falls under the jurisdiction of Menashe Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 1,106.

Ein Iron (Hebrew: עֵין עִירוֹן, lit. Spring of Iron) is a moshav in northern Israel. Located in the eastern Sharon plain to the north-east of Hadera, it falls under the jurisdiction of Menashe Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 587.

Mishmarot (Hebrew: מִשְׁמָרוֹת) is a kibbutz in northern Israel near the town of Pardes Hanna-Karkur. Located about 50 m above sea level and close to the villages Ein Shemer and Kfar Glickson, it falls under the jurisdiction of Menashe Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 1,234.

'En Esur, also En Esur (Hebrew: עין אֵסוּר; [ʕen ʔesuʁ] eh-N eh-s-oor) or Ein Asawir (Arabic: عين الأساور, lit. 'Spring of the Bracelets'), is an ancient site located on the northern Sharon Plain, at the entrance of the Wadi Ara pass leading from the Coastal Plain further inland. The site includes an archaeological mound (tell), called Tel Esur or Tell el-Asawir, another unnamed mound, and two springs, one of which gives the site its name. A 7,000-year-old Early Chalcolithic large village already showing signs of incipient urbanisation and with an open space used for cultic activities was discovered at the site below later, Bronze Age remains.During the Early Bronze Age, around 3000 BCE, a massive fortified proto-city with an estimated population of 5,000 to 6,000 inhabitants existed there. It was the largest city in the region, larger than other significant sites such as Megiddo and Jericho, but smaller than more distant ones in Egypt and Mesopotamia. The city was discovered in 1977, but its massive extent was realized only in 1993. A major excavation between 2017 and 2019 ahead of the construction of a highway interchange exposed the city's houses, streets and public structures, as well as countless artifacts including pottery, figurines and tools. Archaeologists announced its discovery in 2019, calling it the "New York of the Early Bronze Age".

Alona Regional Council (Hebrew: מועצה אזורית אלונה, Mo'atza Azorit Alona) is a regional council in northern Israel. It is part of Haifa District and covers three moshavim, Amikam, Aviel and Givat Nili. The council's headquarters are located in Amikam. The emblem is inscribed with Biblical words from Psalm 126:5: "Those who sow in tears, will reap with songs of joy."

Pardes Hanna Agricultural High School (Hebrew: בית הספר התיכון החקלאי פרדס חנה) established in 1935 by the Palestine Farmers Association, is one of the oldest agricultural high schools in Israel. It was the first agricultural high school in Israel that allowed students to prepare for matriculation exams, while similar schools in the country concentrated only on teaching agricultural skills, with very little general education. The school was established originally for the children of farmers from Pardes Hanna-Karkur and the vicinity, but soon it attracted students from farming families all over Israel. The school also operated a boarding school on the grounds. In 2003 the school had 1,647 students in grades 7-12 and employed 160 teachers. The school's yard was among the largest yards of any school in Israel and includes a commercial egg laying chicken coop, a dairy farm, a nursery, and a horse stable. The school also owns large citrus and Avocado orchards that allow students to conduct studies in fruit production. All the work in the different agricultural fields is conducted by the students, under the guidance of professional guides, and it is a part of every students course of studies at the school. All students must take one matriculation exam in an agricultural field of study. Until the end of the 20th century all student had the opportunity of getting a tractor driver's licence as part of their studies, a program that was stopped due to budget cuts. After a long budget crisis, bringing to the closing of the boarding school and reduction of much of the agricultural educational activities, in 2010 the school was transferred to the administration of the Branco Weiss schools network.Among the school's graduates are Moti Kirschenbaum, Yehuda Yannay composer, Avraham Katz-Oz the former Agricultural Minister, Elazar Granot, and General Aharon Yariv.

Aviel (Hebrew: אֲבִיאֵל) is a moshav in northern Israel. It is located south of Haifa within Alona Regional Council, near Zikhron Yaakov and Binyamina-Giv'at Ada. It had a population of 820 in 2021.

The Karkur junction bus bombing was a suicide attack on October 21, 2002, at the Karkur junction near Wadi Ara, Israel. The attack, carried out by Islamic Jihad, killed 14 passengers and wounded 50.

Neve Avot (Hebrew: נווה אבות), also known as the Shoham Combined Centre for Geriatric Medicine (המרכז המשולב לרפואה גריאטרית שהם), is a geriatric hospital in Israel. The center is located on the northern outskirts of Pardes Hanna-Karkur, but is recognized as a separate locality. In 2021 it had a population of 40.