Georg Eckert Institute

Braunschweig (German: [ˈbʁaʊnʃvaɪk] ) or Brunswick (English: BRUN-zwik; from Low German Brunswiek, local dialect: Bronswiek [ˈbrɔˑnsviːk]) is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, north of the Harz Mountains at the farthest navigable point of the river Oker, which connects it to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser. In 2016, it had a population of 250,704. A powerful and influential centre of commerce in medieval Germany, Brunswick was a member of the Hanseatic League from the 13th until the 17th century. It was the capital city of three successive states: the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1269–1432, 1754–1807, and 1813–1814), the Duchy of Brunswick (1814–1918), and the Free State of Brunswick (1918–1946). Today, Brunswick is the second-largest city in Lower Saxony and a major centre of scientific research and development.

Braunschweig or Landkreis Braunschweig was a district in Lower Saxony, Germany. The administrative centre of the district was the independent city of Braunschweig, which, however, was not part of the district itself. The district was disbanded on 28 February 1974, as part of a district reform in Lower Saxony. The main part of the district was incorporated into the city of Braunschweig, while smaller parts were merged into the districts of Helmstedt, Peine, and Wolfenbüttel. At the time of its disestablishment, the district consisted of: the municipalities of Abbenrode, Alvesse, Beienrode, Bettmar, Bevenrode, Bienrode, Bodenstedt, Bortfeld, Broitzem, Cremlingen, Denstorf, Destedt, Dibbesdorf, Duttenstedt, Erkerode, Essehof, Essenrode, Essinghausen, Flechtorf, Fürstenau, Gardessen, Groß-Brunsrode, Groß-Gleidingen, Harvesse, Hemkenrode, Hötzum, Hondelage, Hordorf, Klein-Brunsrode, Klein-Gleidingen, Klein-Schöppenstedt, Köchingen, Lamme, Lehre, Liedingen, Lucklum, Mascherode, Meerdorf, Neubrück, Niedersickte, Obersickte, Rautheim, Rüningen, Schandelah, Schapen, Schulenrode, Sierße, Sonnenberg, Sophiental, Stöckheim bei Braunschweig, Thune, Timmerlah, Vallstedt, Vechelade, Vechelde, Veltheim (Ohe), Völkenrode, Volkmarode, Waggum, Wahle, Watenbüttel, Weddel, Wedtlenstedt, Wendeburg, Wenden, Wendezelle, Wendhausen, Wierthe, and Zweidorf the unincorporated areas of Beienrode, Buchhorst, Essehof I, Essehof II, Essehof III, Meerdorfer Holz, Querum, Sophiental I, Sophiental II, and Wendhausen.The exclave of Thedinghausen had already been incorporated into the district of Verden in 1972.

The Liberei, also called Liberey or Andreana, in Braunschweig is considered the oldest freestanding library building north of the Alps. It was built between 1412 and 1422 in Kröppelstraße in the Neustadt municipal area, just a few meters southeast of St. Andreas Church. Due to donations, among others from Johann Ember and especially Gerwin von Hameln, the library was known beyond the borders of the city and was considered one of the most important collections of books and manuscripts in northern Germany for more than 300 years until its dissolution in 1753. The donation of 336 volumes by Gerwin von Hameln in 1495 marks both the high point and the turning point in the history of the library. After Gerwin's death, there were disputes between the city council and Gerwin's heirs for decades, so that the building and the book collection were permanently damaged by neglect and theft. Although contemporary scholars such as Johannes Bugenhagen in the 16th century or Hermann von der Hardt in the early 18th century pointed out both the importance of the Liberei as a source of knowledge and its endangered state, its decline could not be stopped. In 1753, the remaining holdings were transferred to a larger library. According to current research, 137 volumes from Gerwin's estate still survive. The chapel-like brick building measures only 5.50 meters × 5.14 meters in floor plan. The building was severely damaged during World War II and was not restored until 1963. The Liberei is the only evidence of medieval brick Gothic in the city and is also probably the oldest surviving building in Germany that was built exclusively as a library. The building is now a listed monument.

The Innenstadt ("inner city") is the central Stadtbezirk (borough) of Braunschweig, Germany. The district consists of five formerly independent city municipal areas (Altewiek, Altstadt, Hagen, Neustadt, and Sack), and is surrounded by the river Oker and in area nearly identical to the medieval city of Braunschweig.

The Bruchstraße is a cobbled street in Braunschweig, Lower Saxony, Germany. The street has many historic half-timbered houses and is the centre of the city's red light district and has a number of "windows". There are iron gates at both ends of the street, at the junctions with Wallstraße and Friedrich-Wilhelm-Straße.

The Zuckerraffinerie Braunschweig was a beet sugar refinery. Its early 20th century brick building on Frankfurter Straße in Braunschweig has been declared industrial heritage. Since 1996 it is part of the business center Artmax and houses offices and other commercial facilities.

Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum (BLM) is a history museum in Braunschweig, Germany, operated by the state of Lower Saxony. The museum is scattered on four locations: Vieweghaus, Hinter Ägidien (both in Braunschweig), Kanzlei (Wolfenbüttel) and Bauernhausmuseum (Bortfeld). The collection covers 500,000 years and includes objects from the history of the Braunschweig area, including culture, economy, technology, folk arts, and social history. Today, the BLM hosts a collection of 600,000 to 800,000 objects.

Volkswagen Halle is an indoor sporting arena located in Braunschweig, Germany. The capacity of the arena is 8,000 people. It is currently home to the Basketball Löwen Braunschweig basketball team.

Dankwarderode Castle (German: Burg Dankwarderode) on the Burgplatz ("castle square") in Braunschweig (Brunswick) is a Saxon lowland castle. It was the residence of the Brunswick dukes for centuries and, today, is part of the Herzog Anton Ulrich Museum.

In the early hours of 15 October 1944, No. 5 Group of the Royal Air Force (RAF) carried out the most destructive of 42 attacks on Braunschweig (Brunswick) during World War II. The attack was a part of Operation Hurricane, which was designed to demonstrate the capabilities of the Allied bombing campaign. It caused a massive conflagration that developed into a firestorm, and resulted in Braunschweig, the city of Henry the Lion, burning continuously for two and a half days from 15 to 17 October. More than 90 percent of the medieval city centre was destroyed.

Brunswick Cathedral (German: Dom St. Blasii (et Johannis), lit. in English: Collegiate Church of Ss. Blaise and John the Baptist) is a large Lutheran church in the City of Braunschweig (Brunswick), Germany. The church is termed Dom, in German a synecdoche - pars pro toto - used for cathedrals and collegiate churches alike, and much like the Italian duomo. It is currently owned and used by a congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran State Church of Brunswick.

The Braunschweig University of Art (Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig, HBK) is the second largest fine arts college in Germany.