Siege of Samarkand (1220)

Abdiberun Ensemble is an architectural complex dating back to the first half of the 17th century, located in the southern side of the Samarkand fortress wall, in the territory of Sarmozor neighborhood, Samarkand District. It was built in 1633 by Nadir Devanbegi, who was the prime minister of Bukhara Emirate. A mosque (15th century) with a curved arch was built next to the old grave, a public hall in the middle, rooms and stairs were built in the corners. The two-story dome, plinth, and walls were decorated with glazed bricks and tiled patterns. The door was opened from three sides of the pilgrimage. The mihrab is simple, the room is beautiful, it is a simple and graceful place of pilgrimage, there is a saint's grave in north side of it. The scene of the large courtyard features a pool and a gatehouse.

The Khoja Ahrar Complex (Uzbek: Xoja Ahror majmuasi, Russian: Ансамбль Ходжа-Ахрар, Arabic: مجمع خواجة أحرار; also spelled as Khodja Akhror) is an Islamic religious complex located in the Ulugbek district in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. It is made up of a mosque, madrasa and the tomb of Khwaja Ahrar, a 15th-century Muslim statesman. The present-day complex dates back to the 17th century and was built during the rule of the Astrakhan Khanate.

Samarkand State University (SamSU) (Uzbek: SHarof Rashidov nomidagi Samarqand Davlat Universiteti (SamDU); Russian: Самаркандский государственный университет имени Шарофа Рашидова) is a public university in Samarkand, Uzbekistan established by a government decree of the Government of Uzbekistan on 22 January 1927 in the city of Samarkand. The university is commonly known as Samarkand University (in Uzbek Samarqand universiteti)

The Oksaroy or Oqsaroy maqbarasi (Russian: Мавзолей Аксарай; Turkish: Ak Saray or "White Palace") is a fifteenth-century mausoleum in Samarkand, Uzbekistan that served as a burial site for a number of the Timurids. It is located 30 meters southeast of the Gur-e-Amir mausoleum.

The Gūr-i Amīr or Guri Amir (Uzbek: Amir Temur maqbarasi, Go'ri Amir, Persian: گورِ امیر) is a mausoleum of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (also known as Tamerlane) in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. It occupies an important place in the history of Central Asian Architecture as the precursor for and had influence on later Great Mughal architecture tombs, including Gardens of Babur in Kabul, Humayun's Tomb in Delhi and the Taj Mahal in Agra, built by Timur's Indian descendants, Turco-Mongols that followed Indian culture with Central Asian influences, Mughals established the ruling Mughal dynasty of the Indian subcontinent. The mausoleum has been heavily restored.

Zoological Museum of Samarkand State University named after Alisher Navoi is one of the largest history museums in Uzbekistan. It is a part of Samarkand State University named after Alisher Navoi, located in Samarkand. The scientific collections of the museum currently have more than 5,000 exhibits. Several thousand people visit the museum every year. It is part of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and the museum is located in the Department of Zoology.

The St. John the Baptist Church is the only Catholic church in the city of Samarkand, Uzbekistan. It depends on the Apostolic Administration of Uzbekistan based in Tashkent.

Abdidarun Complex is an ancient shrine located on the eastern side (inside, darun means inside) of the Samarkand fortress wall. Various buildings appeared and became an architectural shrine around the tomb of Allama Abd Maziddin, who lived in the 9th century. In the center, the largest building – the hall (15th century) stands out. Its facade, dome and wall decorations indicate that it is a product of the architecture of the Ulug Beg period. The shrine is a public building that served as a mosque. There is a mausoleum of the saint inside the hall. As a result of the renovation, the original appearance of the mausoleum building has changed. Since the pond in the middle of the courtyard is located on a spring, its water was kept at the same level in winter and summer, and it was considered healing among the population. The rooms around the courtyard and the mosque on the west side belong to the 19th century. Among the decorations of the mosque, the names of the masters have been preserved.

The Ishratkhana Mausoleum (Uzbek: Ishratxona maqbarasi) is an architectural monument-mausoleum in Samarkand, built during the reign of the Timurid Abu-Said (1451-1469).The building, apparently, was the burial place of the female members of the Timurid dynasty, as several female graves were discovered during the excavations in 1940. At present, the building is in ruins, and the dome and high drum were destroyed relatively recently - during the earthquake of 1903.

The Ulugh Beg Madrasa (Uzbek: Ulugʻbek madrasasi) is a madrasa (Islamic school) in the historic center of Samarkand, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Uzbekistan. Together with other monuments, it forms the monumental ensemble of Registan, the old heart of the city. It was built between 1417 and 1421 by the then-Timurid governor of Samarkand, Ulugh Beg, Timur's grandson and prominent astronomer, who was later emperor between 1447 and 1449.The madrasa was an important teaching center of the Timurid Empire, where they taught some of the most outstanding scholars of their time, both religious and secular. It is the oldest building in Registan, the only one from the 15th century and the only survivor of a wider architectural ensemble, which included several mosques, caravanserais, a bazaar, and a khanaqah (inn of Sufis). At the site of the latter is currently the Sher-Dor Madrasa, located in front of Ulugh Beg Madrasa.

The Registan (Uzbek: Регистон, Registon) was the heart of the ancient city of Samarkand of the Timurid Empire, now in Uzbekistan. The name Rēgistan (ریگستان) means "sandy place" or "desert" in Persian. The Registan was a public square, where people gathered to hear royal proclamations, heralded by blasts on enormous copper pipes called dzharchis - and a place of public executions. It is framed by three madrasahs (Islamic schools) of distinctive Islamic architecture. The square was regarded as the hub of the Timurid Renaissance.

Samarqand or Samarkand ( SAM-ər-kand; Uzbek and Tajik: Самарқанд, pronounced [sæmærqænd, -ænt]; Persian: سمرقند) is a city in southeastern Uzbekistan and among the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia. Samarqand is the capital of Samarqand Region and a district-level city, that includes the urban-type settlements Kimyogarlar, Farxod and Xishrav. With 551,700 inhabitants (2021), it is the second-largest city of Uzbekistan. Most of the inhabitants of the city are native speakers of the Tajik dialect of the Persian language, although Uzbek is spoken as a second language. There is evidence of human activity in the area of the city dating from the late Paleolithic Era. Though there is no direct evidence of when Samarqand was founded, several theories propose that it was founded between the 8th and 7th centuries BCE. Prospering from its location on the Silk Road between China, Persia and Europe, at times Samarqand was one of the largest cities in Central Asia, and was an important city of the empires of Greater Iran. By the time of the Persian Achaemenid Empire, it was the capital of the Sogdian satrapy. The city was conquered by Alexander the Great in 329 BCE, when it was known as Markanda, which was rendered in Greek as Μαράκανδα. The city was ruled by a succession of Iranian and Turkic rulers until it was conquered by the Mongols under Genghis Khan in 1220. The city is noted as a centre of Islamic scholarly study and the birthplace of the Timurid Renaissance. In the 14th century, Timur (Tamerlane) made it the capital of his empire and the site of his mausoleum, the Gur-e Amir. The Bibi-Khanym Mosque, rebuilt during the Soviet era, remains one of the city's most notable landmarks. Samarqand's Registan square was the city's ancient centre and is bounded by three monumental religious buildings. The city has carefully preserved the traditions of ancient crafts: embroidery, goldwork, silk weaving, copper engraving, ceramics, wood carving, and wood painting. In 2001, UNESCO added the city to its World Heritage List as Samarqand – Crossroads of Cultures. Modern Samarqand is divided into two parts: the old city, and the new city, which was developed during the days of the Russian Empire and Soviet Union. The old city includes historical monuments, shops, and old private houses; the new city includes administrative buildings along with cultural centres and educational institutions. On September 15–16, 2022, the city hosted the 2022 SCO summit.