First Hungarian Republic

The Hungarian Republic (Hungarian: Magyar Köztársaság) was a short-lived republic that existed between August 1919 and February 1920 in the central and western portions of the former First Hungarian Republic (controlling most of today's Hungary and parts of present-day Austria, Slovakia and Slovenia). The state was established in the aftermath of the Hungarian–Romanian War by counter-revolutionary forces who sought to return to the status quo prior to 31 October 1918.Following this period, the Allies of World War I severely pressured the Hungarians into retreating behind post-war demarcation lines as a provision to the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, which was the Allies' attempt to establish new nation states among the former kingdom's non-Hungarian citizens, the principal beneficiaries of which were the Kingdom of Romania, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, the Austrian Republic, and the Czechoslovak Republic. Subsequently, the Republic was transformed back into the Kingdom of Hungary, which signed the Treaty of Trianon under protest.

The Socialist Federative Republic of Councils in Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarországi Szocialista Szövetséges Tanácsköztársaság) (due to an early mistranslation, it became widely known as the Hungarian Soviet Republic in English-language sources (Hungarian: Magyar Szovjet-köztársaság)), literally the Republic of Councils in Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság) was a short-lived communist state that existed from 21 March 1919 to 1 August 1919 (133 days), succeeding the First Hungarian Republic. The Hungarian Soviet Republic was a small communist rump state, and the world's second socialist state. When the Republic of Councils in Hungary was established, it controlled approximately only 23% of Hungary's historic territory. The head of government was Sándor Garbai, but the influence of the foreign minister Béla Kun of the Hungarian Communist Party was much stronger. Unable to reach an agreement with the capitalist Triple Entente, which maintained an economic blockade of Hungary, in dispute with neighboring countries over territorial disputes, and beset by profound internal social changes, the soviet republic failed in its objectives and was abolished a few months after its existence. Its main figure was the Communist Béla Kun, despite the fact that in the first days the majority of the new government consisted of radical Social Democrats. The new system effectively concentrated power in the governing councils, which exercised it in the name of the working class.The new Communist Government failed to reach an agreement with the Triple Entente that would lead to the lifting of the economic blockade, the improvement of the new borders or the recognition of the new government by the victorious powers of World War I. A small volunteer army was organized mostly from Budapest factory workers and attempts were made to recover the territories lost to neighboring countries, an objective that had widespread support from many working class people in some larger cities, not only those favorable to the new regime. Initially, thanks to patriotic support from conservative officers, the republican forces advanced against the Czechoslovaks in north Hungary, after suffering a defeat in the east at the hands of the Romanian Army in late April, which led to a retreat on the banks of the Tisza. In mid-June, the birth of the Slovak Soviet Republic was proclaimed, which lasted two weeks until a Hungarian withdrawal at the request of the Triple Entente. Later that month, there was an attempted coup by the Social Democrats. On 20 July, the republic launched a new attack on the Romanian posts who were deep in Hungary at the Tisza river. After a few days of the Hungarian advance, the Romanians managed to stop the offensive and break through the Hungarian lines. Kun and most of the government fled to Vienna. The Social-Democrat–Communist government was succeeded by an exclusively Social Democratic one on 1 August. The communists left Budapest and went abroad. Despite the opposition from the Entente, the Romanians entered Budapest, the Hungarian capital, on 4 August.The Hungarian heads of government applied controversial doctrinal measures in both foreign (internationalism instead of national interests during wartime) and domestic policy (planned economy and heightened class struggle) that made them lose the favor of the majority of the population. The attempt of the new executive to profoundly change the lifestyle and the system of values of the population proved to be a resounding failure; After the withdrawal from Slovakia, the application of some measures aimed at regaining popular support was ordered, but without great success; in particular, the ban on the sale of alcoholic beverages was repealed, and attempts were made to improve the monetary situation and food supply. Unable to apply these policies effectively, the republic had already lost the support of the majority of the population between June and July, which led, together with the military defeats, to its downfall. The failure of internal reform was compounded by the political and economic isolation imposed on Hungary by the Triple Entente, the military failures against neighboring countries, and the impossibility of joining forces with the Red Army because of the ongoing Russian Civil War contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Republic.

The Rock Center or just the Rock (Hungarian: Sziklaközpont or Szikla [ˈsiklɒkøspont]), more precisely the Rock Center of Little Gellért Hill, originally known as the Citadel (Fellegvár), is a mostly subterranean military complex in the 11th district (Újbuda) of Budapest, Hungary. It is under Little Gellért Hill, the Western extremity of the well-known Gellért Hill. It is also known by the codename Deep 23 (Mély 23). The complex hosted the National Counter-Air Center and thus it is also known by that name. The Rock Center should not be confused with the nearby Citadella, which was never called Fellegvár (the Hungarian translation of the Italian word citadella), but which also has a military bunker, the Gellért Hill bunker under it. As of 2017, the premises are under the authority of Hungary's military intelligence agency, the Military National Security Service (Katonai Nemzetbiztonsági Szolgálat; KNBSZ). Although the complex was declassified, it is not open to the general public or members of the press.

Naphegy (German: Sonnenberg, meaning "Sun Hill") is a hill and neighbourhood in Budapest, Hungary. It is part of Krisztinaváros and administratively belongs to the 1st District.

Tabán usually refers to an area within the 1st district of Budapest, the capital of Hungary. It lies on the Buda (i.e. Western) side of the Danube, to the south of György Dózsa Square, on the northern side of Elisabeth Bridge and to the east of Naphegy. Several other Hungarian cities and towns also have districts called Tabán.

MTI (Magyar Távirati Iroda, literally "Hungarian Telegraphic Office") is a Hungarian news agency. One of the oldest news agencies in the world, it was founded in 1880.MTI was owned by MTI Rt., founded by the Parliament. The members of the Owners' Advisory Body are elected by the National Assembly of Hungary on four-year terms. It's a marketleader, and is considered by some sources to be a 'balanced and reliable source'. Still, it finds it difficult to raise subscriptions as most major Hungarian newspapers are foreign-owned. It must turn to the government for capital to overcome its technology deficit.According to a UNESCO report it faces competition both from independent and specialist news agencies (e.g. English-language on-line news sites, including the Budapest Business Journal, The Budapest Sun, websites of various television and radio stations), and from domestic Hungarian news services established by Reuters and AFP.On 1 July 2015, Magyar Távirati Iroda as well as the three other public media organizations managed by the MTVA were merged into a single organization called Duna Média. This organization is the legal successor to Magyar Távirati Iroda.

Lake Feneketlen (Feneketlen-tó, "Bottomless Lake") is a lake in the 11th district of Budapest, Hungary.The lake was formed in 1877, when clay was removed from the site to supply a brick factory that was situated at nearby Kosztolányi Dezső tér. The lake's water quality in the 1980s began to deteriorate, until a water circulation device was built. The fishing is forbidden on this lake.

Újbuda (lit. New Buda) is the 11th district of Budapest (Hungarian: Budapest XI. kerület), Hungary. It is the most populous district of Budapest with 137,426 inhabitants (2008). Until the 1890s, Újbuda's present territory was a field south of the historical town of Buda. The construction of a new residential area started in the 1900s, the present district was formed in 1930. From 1880 to 1980, Újbuda's population increased from 1,180 to 178,960. There are boulevards, avenues with tram lines, and communist-era housing estates in the district. Line 4 of the Budapest metro passes through Újbuda.

The Rác Thermal Bath, located in Budapest, Hungary, is an 8000-square metre bath and is renowned for its Turkish bath dating back to the 16th century, and its imperial pools and shower corridor built in the age of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The bath is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is now part of the newly built complex of the Rac Hotel & Thermal Spa. Its name derives from the ancient Hungarian name of Serbs, one of the former cohabiting populations in Tabán.

Gellért Hill (Hungarian: Gellért-hegy; German: Kelenberg, Osterberg or Blocksberg; Latin: Mons Sancti Gerhardi Turkish: Gürz İlyas Bayırı) is a 235 m (771 ft) high hill overlooking the Danube in Budapest, Hungary. It is located in the 1st and the 11th districts. The hill was named after Saint Gerard who was thrown to death from the hill. The famous Hotel Gellért and the Gellért Baths can be found in Gellért Square at the foot of the hill, next to Liberty Bridge. The Gellért Hill Cave is also located on the hill, facing the hotel and the Danube. At the top of the hill, the Citadella (English: citadel) can be found with a nice panoramic view of the city.

The Tabán ruins (Hungarian: tabáni romok) are a group of medieval ruins in Budapest, Hungary. They are located in District I, in the Tabán neighbourhood, between Szarvas tér and Krisztina körút. The scattered ruins officially belong to one listed monument (ID 67). The remains of the mainly medieval structures were discovered in 1936 by archaeologists after the demolition of a large part of the densely built Tabán quarter but significant parts of them disappeared in the 1960s when the whole area was restructured. A 15th-century building, named Building I, and a retaining wall by the Ördög-árok stream are still visible above ground.

The National Széchényi Library (Hungarian: Országos Széchényi Könyvtár) (OSZK) is a library in Budapest, Hungary, located in Buda Castle. It is one of two Hungarian national libraries, the other being University of Debrecen Library.