Battle of Calven

The Rom (Romansh: Rom; Italian: Ram; German: Rombach in Switzerland or Rambach in South Tyrol (Italy) is a river in Switzerland and Italy. The 24.7-kilometre (15.3 mi) long river is a tributary of the Adige. It rises in the Ortler Alps, close to the Fuorn Pass. It flows through the Val Müstair in Switzerland, and joins the Adige near the town Glurns in the Italian province of South Tyrol. The drainage basin is 189 square kilometres (73 sq mi).

St. Benedikt is a pre-Romanesque church in Mals, South Tyrol, known for its Carolingian-era frescoes. It was built in the second half of the 8th century. Until the 12th century, it was owned by the bishops of Chur. In the 12th century, the romanesque tower was added. In the 18th century, under Joseph II, the building was used for storage. Use as a sacral building was resumed only in the 20th century, after the discovery of the Carolingian frescoes. The frescoes are dated to c. AD 800. They belong to a limited set of surviving frescoes of the Carolingian period, alongside those of the nearby St. Johann abbey in Val Müstair, Grisons. The frescoes are mostly distributed in three niches in the altar wall, showing Jesus Christ in the center, flanked by pope Gregory the Great and Saint Stephen. On the walls separating the niches are donor portraits below a troop of twelve angels, and scenes showing Gregory writing his Dialogi and disputing with Paulus Diaconus, alongsides scenes showing Paul of Tarsus and a fragment of a scene from the life of Saint Benedict.

Glurns (German pronunciation: [ˈɡlʊrns]; Italian: Glorenza [ɡloˈrɛntsa]) is an urban comune (Stadt) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 80 kilometres (50 mi) northwest of Bolzano. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").

Marienberg Abbey (German: Abtei Marienberg; Italian: Abbazia Monte Maria) is a Benedictine abbey in Mals, Vinschgau in South Tyrol, northern Italy. It was founded in 1149 or 1150 by Ulrich von Tarasp and other nobles. It has maintained a long tradition of education and, at 1,340 m, it is Europe’s highest abbey. It retains a Baroque style with Romanesque elements, and has some well-maintained frescos.

Burgeis (Italian: Burgusio, Romansh: ) is the largest frazione of the comune of Mals, Italy, and sits at an altitude of 1216m in Vinschgau in South Tyrol beneath the mountain Watles (2557) on the upper reaches of the Adige. The name goes all the way back to a Roman founding, as a fort on the "Via Claudia Augusta", which runs through the village. This fort later gave the name of the Edelfreien von Burgus-Wanga, whose arms the village bears today. Burgeis has 828 inhabitants (March 2007) . It lies 2.5 Kilometer from Mals.

Taufers im Münstertal (German: [ˈtaʊfɐs ʔɪm ˈmʏnstɐtaːl]; Italian: Tubre [ˈtuːbre]; Romansh: Tuer) is a comune (municipality) in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) west of the city of Bolzano, on the border with Switzerland.

Mals (German pronunciation: [mals]; Italian: Malles Venosta [ˈmallez veˈnɔsta]) is a comune (municipality) and a village in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 70 kilometres (43 mi) northwest of Bolzano, on the border with Switzerland and Austria.

Piz Chavalatsch (also known as Monte Cavallaccio) (2,763 m) is a mountain in the Ortler Range of the Alps of eastern Switzerland and northern Italy. It forms the border between the Swiss canton of Graubünden and the Italian Province of Bolzano. The easternmost point of Switzerland is located at Piz Chavalatsch at c. 46°36′55.1″N 10°29′31.3″E (Swiss Grid: 833841/166938).

The Mals Heath (German: Malser Haide) is located in South Tyrol, Italy; it is one of the largest ancient landslides and one of the most remarkable landscape features in the Alps. It is located in the Upper Vinschgau where a broad pass (the Reschen Pass) crosses the main Alpine divide into the Inn Valley (Austria). It extends from Glurns via Laatsch, Schleis, and Burgeis up to Plawenn. On the southern part is the village of Mals. The height difference of the heath varies from 900 m (Glurns) to 1,760 m (Plawenner Alm). The landslide emerges from the small side valley of Plawenntal, and descends for 11 km to the head of Vinschgau proper. The volume of the debris fan is estimated at 1,650 million cubic metres. It had always been assumed to be an alluvial fan, built up by numerous floods and debris small flows. New research demonstrates that a lost mountain could have existed above the head of Plawenntal, with a summit at about 3,100m - the present highest peak on the perimeter being the Mittereck, 2,908 m. There are indications all around the perimeter of a catastrophic collapse, severing former ridges and valley heads (notably Vivanatal). The shape of the lost mountain can readily be reconstructed by projecting these truncated landforms until they meet up. The volume of the lost mountain (named Plawennspitz) is very close to that of Mals Heath. There is at present no evidence of when this event occurred, but probably soon after the last glacier melted, over 10,000 years ago. Similar events probably created large fans nearby at St. Valentin, and in the main Vinschgau, notably at Allitz-Laas (Gadriamure) where the lost mountain and vast debris cone are even larger. Other megafans in the Alps are likely to be catastrophic too (1). The Mals Heath used to be a barren heath since it was so free draining. The debris fan dams a lake, Haidersee, which is now used as a source of irrigation water through a system of channels, and nearly all the heath is now cultivated and prosperous. The fan also displaces the main river, Adige, and the large tributary, Puni, to opposite sides of the valley. Disastrous floods still occur, destroying houses and even villages. The main road climbs the fan in broad zigzags, not the usual hairpins of an alpine pass, with several large wind turbines taking advantage of the smooth terrain and natural wind funnel.

Schluderns (German pronunciation: [ʃluˈdɛrns]; Italian: Sluderno [zluˈdɛrno]) is a comune (municipality) and a village in South Tyrol in northern Italy, located about 60 km (37 mi) northwest of Bolzano.

The Zerzer Tal is a side valley of the Vinschgau in South Tyrol, Italy.

The Saldurbach (Italian: Saldura) is a stream located in South Tyrol, Italy. It flows into the Punibach close to its confluence with the Adige near Prad am Stilfser Joch.