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Battle of Marston Moor

1644 in England17th century in YorkshireBattles involving YorkshireBattles of the English Civil WarsConflicts in 1644
Massacres during the Wars of the Three KingdomsMassacres in 1644Military history of North YorkshireRegistered historic battlefields in England
Battle of Marston Moor 1644 by John Barker
Battle of Marston Moor 1644 by John Barker

The Battle of Marston Moor was fought on 2 July 1644, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms of 1639–1653. The combined forces of the English Parliamentarians under Lord Fairfax and the Earl of Manchester and the Scottish Covenanters under the Earl of Leven defeated the Royalists commanded by Prince Rupert of the Rhine and the Marquess of Newcastle. During the summer of 1644, the Covenanters and Parliamentarians had been besieging York, which was defended by the Marquess of Newcastle. Rupert had gathered an army which marched through the northwest of England, gathering reinforcements and fresh recruits on the way, and across the Pennines to relieve the city. The convergence of these forces made the ensuing battle the largest of the civil wars. On 1 July, Rupert outmanoeuvered the Covenanters and Parliamentarians to relieve the city. The next day, he sought battle with them even though he was outnumbered. He was dissuaded from attacking immediately and during the day both sides gathered their full strength on Marston Moor, an expanse of wild meadow west of York. Towards evening, the Covenanters and Parliamentarians themselves launched a surprise attack. After a confused fight lasting two hours, Parliamentarian cavalry under Oliver Cromwell routed the Royalist cavalry from the field and, with Leven's infantry, annihilated the remaining Royalist infantry. After their defeat the Royalists effectively abandoned Northern England, losing much of the manpower from the northern counties of England (which were strongly Royalist in sympathy) and also losing access to the European continent through the ports on the North Sea coast. Although they partially retrieved their fortunes with victories later in the year in Southern England, the loss of the north was to prove a fatal handicap the next year, when they tried unsuccessfully to link up with the Scottish Royalists under the Marquess of Montrose.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Battle of Marston Moor (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Battle of Marston Moor
Tockwith Road,

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N 53.9623 ° E -1.2542 °
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Tockwith Road

Tockwith Road
YO26 7PL
England, United Kingdom
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Battle of Marston Moor 1644 by John Barker
Battle of Marston Moor 1644 by John Barker
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All Saints' Church, Long Marston
All Saints' Church, Long Marston

All Saints' Church is the parish church of Long Marston, a village in the Harrogate district of North Yorkshire, in England. A chapel was built at the location in the Norman period, but by 1400 both it and the parish church, near Angram, were in ruins. In 1400, permission was granted to build a new church on the site, using materials from the church at Angram. A tower was added in the 15th century. The church was restored in 1810, when new pews were installed, and again restored in 1869. It was Grade I listed in 1966.From 1598, the rector at the church was Thomas Morton, who later became a bishop. In 1726, Edward Wolfe and Henrietta Thompson were married at the church. The church is built of cobbles, with a limestone plinth and quoins. The nave is of four bays, with a north aisle and a transept chapel, which was added in 1869, while the chancel is of two bays. The tower is at the west end, including the west window and supporting a clock and decoration including gargoyles. The main entrance is in the south wall and is through a reused 12th-century doorway, and there are also two early round-headed windows in the chancel. Most of the other windows are in the Perpendicular style, while the east window was designed in 1880 by Hardman & Co.Inside the church, there is a monument of 1602 to Jacob Thwaites, and a stone block with a hollow which was formerly either a cross base or a font. The pulpit and altar date from the late 19th century.

St Helen's Church, Bilton-in-Ainsty
St Helen's Church, Bilton-in-Ainsty

St Helen's Church is the parish church of Bilton-in-Ainsty, a village west of York in North Yorkshire, in England. Although no church in the village is mentioned in the Domesday Book, the various Saxon fragments incorporated in the current building suggest that there was a previous church on the site. The current church was built in about 1150 by the Haget family. In 1160, its advowson was granted to Syningthwaite Priory, then in 1293 it became a prebendary of York Minster. In the first half of the 13th century, north and south aisles were added to the nave, and in the 15th century, these were extended along the chancel. More new windows were inserted in the 17th century, and the porch door is dated 1633. It is claimed that the church served as a military hospital following the Battle of Marston Moor, in 1644. A satirical carving of a crowned snake, in the church door, has been attributed to a Royalist officer held prisoner in the building. From 1869 to 1871, the church was restored by George Gilbert Scott, who removed a west gallery, replaced the pews, and found parts of various early crosses buried in the churchyard. The church was Grade I listed in 1966. The church is constructed of limestone and cobbles. It has a four-bay nave and three-bay chancel, aisles, a south porch, and a bellcote at the west end. The bellcote dates from the 17th century and is believed to have replaced a bell tower. The west wall has a restored Norman arched window, with an oculus window above, and the south aisle has a possible Saxon window in its west wall, reset in the 13th century and restored by Scott.Inside, the aisles have arcades with circular piers. The chancel has remains of a piscina, and has corbels in the eaves with early carvings of animals and two sheela na gigs. There is also a carved mass dial. There are fragments of three 10th century Anglo-Norse crosses, and one Saxon cross. There is a brass monument of about 1400, which is believed to depict an abbess of Syningthwaite. The plain bowl font was moved from Tockwith. There is also an altar table from about 1600 and an eagle lectern of similar date.

St John the Baptist Church, Healaugh
St John the Baptist Church, Healaugh

St John the Baptist Church is the parish church of Healaugh, a village west of York and north of Tadcaster in North Yorkshire, in England. The church was originally dedicated to Saint Helen. The chancel and south door are the oldest parts of the church, dating from about 1150. The north aisle and door are from the late 12th century, and there were various alterations to the church in the 15th century. The nave was rebuilt in the 16th century, and the tower may have been rebuilt at the same time. By the late 18th century, the church was in poor condition, and it was extensively renovated, with the tower probably again rebuilt. The upper stage of the tower was added in the 19th century. The church was Grade II* listed in 1985. The church is built of Magnesian Limestone and has a Welsh slate roof. The nave is of three bays, with a north aisle and chapel. Its south door is the most notable feature, with a round head with three orders of decoration, including carvings of various human figures, and human and animal heads. There are various pointed windows, those in the chancel and chapel being Perpendicular. Inside, the columns are carved as clusters, with water-leaf capitals. The decoration of the chancel arch includes small animals. In the north chapel is an alabaster tomb, dating from the 16th century, depicting Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton and both his wives. The windows are 20th century and include a mention of Hieu, who founded nearby Healaugh Park Priory. The clock dates from the later 18th century, and was rebuilt in 1911.