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Todelar

Radio stations in Colombia

Todelar is a system of radio stations that covers all of Colombia, founded in 1953 by Bernardo Tobón de la Roche. Its flagship station is La Voz de Bogotá since 2017. Radio Continental, also in Bogotá, had this role until 2016, having joined Todelar (an acronym of the last names of its founder) in 1957. As of 2015, the flagship morning news programme, Artunduaga por la mañana, was directed by journalist Édgar Artunduaga. The programme was cancelled December 2016, a few weeks before Radio Continental was sold to Cadena Radial Vida, a network owned by an evangelical group whose leader is Eduardo Cañas.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Todelar (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors).

Todelar
Avenida Carrera 20, Bogota Localidad Chapinero

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N 4.670735 ° E -74.059321 °
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Avenida Carrera 20
110221 Bogota, Localidad Chapinero
Colombia
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HJCK

HJCK El Mundo en Bogotá is a Colombian cultural radio station, founded 15 September 1950 and based in Bogotá. HJCK became an online-only station in 2005. HJCK was founded by intellectuals Eduardo Caballero Calderón, Hernando and Alfonso Martínez Rueda, Alfonso Peñaranda, Gonzalo Rueda Caro, Álvaro Castaño Castillo and his wife, Gloria Valencia de Castaño, as the first privately owned cultural radio station in Colombia. They bought Radio Granadina, an AM station in Bogotá (HJCK would move to FM in 1967). Its slogan, "El Mundo en Bogotá", comes after one of its first programmes, which included Gabriel García Márquez as its correspondent in Caracas.In 2000 HJCK expanded its programming, at the time devoted to classical music and cultural programmes, to include other music genres, such as blues, jazz, bossa nova, son cubano, and classic rock. The station has compiled a series of recordings with voices of famous Colombian and Latin American writers and intellectuals, known as Colección Literaria HJCK. In 2015, public network Radio Nacional de Colombia broadcast some old HJCK recording in the HJCK en la memoria programme. Due to financial problems and increasingly low ratings, HJCK had to lease its frequency to Caracol Radio in 2005. Between 2005 and 2016 its frequency and call signs were leased by Los 40 Principales, a Caracol Radio network. In late 2015 Caracol TV purchased Radial Bogotá, S. A., the company owning HJCK; it was used to expand the Bluradio network since 2016 (both companies, though having been sister companies until 2001, are no longer related). In early 2019 HJCK renewed its website, becoming a portal focused in culture, seeking to compete with Arcadia (owned by Publicaciones Semana) and El Malpensante (an independent magazine). HJCK, through Caracol TV, belongs to the Grupo Valorem conglomerate, which owns El Espectador.

2003 El Nogal Club bombing

The 2003 El Nogal Club bombing was a terrorist attack that occurred in Bogotá, Colombia. On 7 February 2003, a car containing 200 kg of explosives that was parked in a garage on the third floor of the multi-story El Nogal club, an elite, high-class social and business club, exploded, killing 36 people and wounding more than 200. There were approximately 600 people in the building at the time of the explosion. The attack was the worst in Colombia for more than a decade.No group publicly claimed responsibility for the bombing. The United Nations adopted Security Council Resolution 1465 on 13 February 2003 condemning the attack. Colombian Vice President Francisco Santos Calderón blamed the guerrilla group FARC, saying that there was "not the slightest doubt" that they were responsible and that the government had enough evidence of its involvement. Colombian authorities and investigators, with the aid of ATF members from the U.S., inspected the scene and the remains of the car bomb. Colombian prosecutors linked FARC to the bombing through the participation of, among others, John Freddy Arellan, a squash instructor who died in the bombing. According to the government, Arellan had recently acquired membership in the club and drove the car containing the explosives, a vehicle which had been bought in late 2002 using false documents, into the parking area. The government claimed Arrellan would have been employed by FARC's "Javier Paz", not knowing that the bomb would be detonated with him and his uncle still inside the club.On 10 March 2003, FARC denied any responsibility in the attack and described it as "state terrorism", claiming that the government of Colombia planted the bomb in order to unite the country against them.In March 2008, Colombian authorities released documents said to be found in a computer belonging to the slain FARC commander "Raúl Reyes", including a 13 February 2003 message in which "Reyes" called the attack a "formidable act" and mentioned the "political convenience of denying responsibilities".