The House with the Grand Peristyle, erroneously designated the Villa with the Grand Peristyle, is also known as the domus of Lower Vieux. It is a Gallo-Roman domus located within the archaeological site of Vieux-la-Romaine, the ancient Aregenua, approximately 15 kilometers south of Caen.
The city was established during the 1st century and reached its apogee during the 2nd and 3rd centuries. The city was not fortified and did not become the seat of a bishopric as a result of the invasions that occurred during the 3rd century. The territory of the Viducasses, of which Aregenua was the capital, was absorbed by the city of Bayeux as evidenced by the early 5th century. Consequently, the city ceased to exist as an urban center, even though the site remained continuously occupied. The Lower Vieux house is a distinctive building that reached its apogee in the 2nd and 3rd centuries.
As a consequence of the urbanization of the city from the 5th century onwards, the archaeological remains of the ancient city are accessible for research purposes and were the subject of early excavations, which commenced at the end of the 17th century. The site of the house was subjected to a more systematic excavation in the 19th century, with a particularly comprehensive program undertaken in the late 1980s. The comprehensive excavation also delineated the chronology of the insula on which it is situated, from the 1st to the 5th century AD. The extent of the discoveries prompted the establishment of a site museum, the Vieux-la-Romaine Archaeological Museum, which was inaugurated in 2002. The coatings were re-studied in 2010.
The House with the Grand Peristyle is distinctive within the context of northern French architecture due to its unique proportions and the state of conservation of its decorative elements, including a set of sculpted columns. Although not exceptional in size or decoration, the house nevertheless represents an archetypal example of this type of residence, according to Vipard, which was constructed by elites who sought to play a social and political role, beyond that of individual habitation. The house thus testifies to the diffusion of Mediterranean architectural models among the Gallic elites, the process of Romanization, and the role of these buildings in social life.
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