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State Jewish Theater (Romania)

Jewish theatresJews and Judaism in BucharestTheatres in BucharestYiddish culture in RomaniaYiddish theatre
Teatrul Evreiesc de Stat
Teatrul Evreiesc de Stat

Teatrul Evreiesc de Stat (TES, the State Jewish Theater) in Bucharest, Romania is a theater specializing in Jewish-related plays. It is the oldest Yiddish-language theater with uninterrupted activity in the world. Its contemporary repertoire includes plays by Jewish authors, plays on Jewish topics, and plays in Yiddish (which are performed with simultaneous translation into Romanian, using headphones installed in the theater in the 1970s). Many of the plays also feature Jewish actors. A precursor, the Teatru Evreiesc Baraşeum operated as a Jewish theater through most of World War II, although they were closed during the few months of the National Legionary State, and thereafter performed in Romanian rather than Yiddish through until the fall of Ion Antonescu.

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State Jewish Theater (Romania)
Strada Doctor Iuliu Barasch, Bucharest Centrul Civic (Sector 3)

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N 44.429391666667 ° E 26.110522222222 °
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Teatrul Evreiesc de Stat (Teatrul Evreiesc Barașeum)

Strada Doctor Iuliu Barasch 15
030791 Bucharest, Centrul Civic (Sector 3)
Romania
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Teatrul Evreiesc de Stat
Teatrul Evreiesc de Stat
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Jewish Museum (Bucharest)
Jewish Museum (Bucharest)

The Jewish Museum in Bucharest, Romania is located in the former Templul Unirea Sfântă (United Holy Temple) synagogue, which survived World War II. The name has several variants, including Museum of the History of the Romanian Jewish Community. In Romanian it is variously called Muzeul de Istorie al Comunitatilor Evreiești din România, Muzeul de Istorie a Comunitații Evreiești București etc. The museum gives broad coverage of the history of the Jews in Romania. Displays include an enormous collection of books written, published, illustrated, or translated by Romanian Jews; a serious archive of the history of Romanian Jewry; a collection of paintings of and by Romanian Jews that, while relatively small, consists of works of a calibre worthy of a major art museum (many of the same artists' works hang in the National Museum of Art); memorabilia from Jewish theaters including the State Jewish Theater; a medium-sized display devoted to Zionism; a small but pointed display of anti-Semitic posters and tracts; two rooms off to a side, one dealing with the Holocaust era from a historical point of view, the other a Holocaust memorial; discussion of both favorable and unfavorable treatment of the Jews by various of Romania's historic rulers; in short, a museum devoted to looking seriously at the history of a particular ethnic group within a society. In contrast to its Hungarian equivalent in Budapest, this is not a museum that sees the exodus of the majority of the country's surviving Jews to Israel as a culmination: this museum is focused more on what that means for those who have stayed, what is the continuing contribution of Jews to Romanian culture, what has been, what is, and what will be the role of Jews in Romania. The Museum also contains a large collection of Jewish ritual objects from Romania, collected by Rabbi Moses Rosen (1912–1994), the late Chief Rabbi of the Romanian Jewry.

Saint Mina Vergu Church
Saint Mina Vergu Church

Saint Mina Vergu Church (Romanian: Biserica Sfântul Mina Vergu) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 18A C. F. Robescu Street in Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to Saint Mina. The name of the church derives from Vergo, who served as paharnic around 1695. The first church on the site dated to 1724–1725. It was destroyed by the 1838 and 1853 earthquakes, and by the 1847 Great Fire of Bucharest. The rebuilt church was completed in 1874; it houses relics and a wonderworking icon of its eponymous saint. The building was renovated in 1900, when the portico was added, and painted the following year. Following the 1940 earthquake, it was again repaired in 1941–1943, following the plans of Constantin Joja. In 1945, the large dome was consolidated and the frescoes redone. Further repairs and repainting followed the 1977 quake, and the church was rededicated in 1981.The bell tower dates to 2002.The nave-shaped church has a polygonal altar apse. It measures 23.8 meters long by 8 meters wide. The large dome sits on the nave, while the smaller, which features bells, is on the narthex. The square-based domes have eight faces with arched windows and slender columns on the edges. The portico has a single arch on two columns. The facades are simple, in Neo-Brâncovenesc elements, and divided by two rows of bricks. The large stained-glass windows have ornamental niches. The upper areas are decorated with friezes in geometric patterns.The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.

Merchants' Church
Merchants' Church

The Merchants' Church (Romanian: Biserica Negustori) is a Romanian Orthodox church located at 5 Teodor Ștefănescu Street in Bucharest, Romania. It is dedicated to Saint Nicholas. The oldest mention of a church on the site dates to 1665; the structure was of wood, with a bell tower. Its roof was of thatch or frame, and the entire church was destroyed by a 1718 fire that ravaged the city center. Under the supervision of Župan Simion Cupețul, it was rebuilt of brick between 1721 and 1726, dates recorded by the pisanie, and was painted by Pârvu Mutu and his apprentices. The 1802 earthquake damaged the structure, with an 1819 document mentioning its “very bad shape”. The 1838 earthquake provoked further damage, leading to its closure for a year. In 1839, High Agha Manuil Serghiad repaired it with his own money, so that he is considered a second ktetor.Radical repairs took place in 1867-1870, when the two domes were built of wood and tin, in an academic style with Classic Revival touches. The frame roof was replaced with tin. In 1888, Mayor Pache Protopopescu, whose father had been the parish priest, led efforts to enclose the portico with French windows, enlarge the side windows and hire Gheorghe Tattarescu to paint over much of the original fresco. Restorations took place in 1924-1930, including of the newer frescoes. In 1942, as a result of the 1940 earthquake, a wide iron belt was placed on the upper part of the exterior. The 1977, 1986 and 1990 earthquakes enlarged old cracks and caused new ones to appear, while the structural stability was weakened. Consolidation work took place in 2002.The cross-shaped church measures 27.6 meters long by 8.3 meters wide, and 11.4 meters high. The portico is spacious, with three frontal arches and two on each side resting on cylindrical masonry columns. The portal contains the 1839 pisanie, while the older one is fitted into the left wall. The 1870 bell tower rises above the square narthex; coated in tin, it has a slender column on each corner. An intermediate space, covered by a vaulted ceiling, separates the narthex from the nave. The latter is also square, with two apses, and supports the Pantocrator dome. A wooden iconostasis leads to the altar. A string course divides the exterior into two unequal sections. The pediment, with Neoclassical touches, probably dates to 1870. Nearly all of the surviving original frescoes are in the portico. Illustrating the Psalms, they offer valuable insight into the costumes of early 18th-century Wallachia. Near the altar, there is a small parish house, donated to the church in 1872.The church is listed as a historic monument by Romania's Ministry of Culture and Religious Affairs.