Phosphorus (Thrace)

Chalcaea was a town of ancient Thrace, inhabited during Roman times.Its site is located near Sırataş in European Turkey.

Rumelikavağı, also known as Rumeli Kavağı, is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sarıyer, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 3,657 (2022). "Rumeli" is the Turkish name for Thrace, and "Kavak" means "control post" in Ottoman Turkish referring to the strategic position of the location on the Bosporus. The ferry pier which is the center of the neighborhood is at 41°10′54″N 29°04′30″E.Formerly, it was a small fishing village. In the 17th century, a castle was built to check Cossack naval assaults from the Black Sea. In 1877, during the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), a part of the immigrants from the Russian occupied provinces settled in Rumelikavağı. Up until the 1960s, most of Rumelikavağı was a restricted zone by military. There are many places of interest in Rumelikavağı, such as ruins of medieval castles, mosques, churches, fountains, hamams etc. The Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge over the Bosphorus is to the north of the neighborhood.

Yoros Castle (Turkish: Yoros Kalesi) is a ruined castle dating back to Byzantine times that stands above the confluence of the Bosphorus and the Black Sea, to the north of Joshua's Hill, in Beykoz district, Istanbul, Turkey. It is commonly referred to as the Genoese Castle, due to Genoa’s possession of it in the mid-15th century.

Koç University (Turkish: Koç Üniversitesi) is a non-profit private university in Istanbul, Turkey. It started education in temporary buildings in İstinye in 1993, and moved to its current Rumelifeneri campus near Sarıyer in 2000. Koç University is ranked highest in Turkey according to the 2022 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and 2022 QS World University Rankings. Koç University currently consists of Colleges of Social Sciences and Humanities, Administrative Sciences and Economics, Science, Engineering, Law, Nursing and Medicine. Koç University offers 22 undergraduate, 29 graduate and 30 PhD programs. The university is home to around 7,000 students. The university accepts international students from various countries and has an extensive network of over 250 partner-universities including University of California and other universities such as Northwestern University, Cornell University and Georgetown University.Founded in 1993, Koç University has become one of the most prestigious universities in Turkey. The university attracts many of the highest-scoring students from Turkey's top high schools such as Koç School, Robert College, Uskudar American Academy and Istanbul High School. The majority of classes (over 95%) at Koç University are taught in English (a few exceptions are found only in the School of Law and School of Nursing).

Anadolukavağı (sometimes written as Anadolu Kavağı) is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Beykoz, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 1,517 (2022). It is at the northern end of the Bosphorus. "Anadolu" is the Turkish name for Anatolia, and "kavak" meant "control post" in Ottoman Turkish, suggesting the strategic importance of its location. It is directly across from Rumeli Kavağı, the Greek or European control post on the other side of the Bosphorus. Anadolu Kavağı was originally called Hieron (Ancient Greek: ἱερόν) and was an important outpost for the Romans and the Byzantines.It has been suggested that n the past some villagers acted as 'wreckers', lighting fires to disorient ships and ground them in the narrow Strait so that they could seize their cargo. Others claim that Anadolu Kavağı served as a refuge where trade ships could shelter from storms. Once a fishing village, it retains a village atmosphere and has many fish restaurants offering lunches for passengers on the longer Bosphorus cruises which usually terminate here. Although there are few permanent residents, the military personnel at surrounding bases contribute to a total population of about 1,500. The village's most prominent historic structures are a small mosque commissioned by Ali Pasha of Midilli (Lesbos) in 1593, and a fountain commissioned by Cevriye Hatun in 1785. Ruinous Yoros Castle, an old Genoese fortress, stands on the hill above Anadolu Kavağı. From its walls there are fine views out towards the Third Bosphorus Bridge and the Black Sea.Şehir Hatları, the city ferry company, offers sailings to and from Üsküdar and points in between. The twice-daily long Bosphorus ferry services leave Eminönü for Anadolu Kavağı, calling in at points en route including Sarıyer and Rumeli Kavağı on the European shore of the Bosphorus. The village is also served by an hourly bus service from Üsküdar.

Garipçe is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Sarıyer, Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its population is 391 (2022). Garipçe is located on a hillside at the Black Sea entrance of Istanbul Strait, the northernmost place of Bosphorus' European shore, south of Rumelifeneri village. The village Poyrazköy in Beykoz district of Istanbul Province on the Asian shore of Bosphorus is just across Garipçe. It was declared as a protected area for its nature and seascape. The village became popular through the 2016-built Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge spanning over Bosphorus between Garipçe and Poyrazköy.A ruined historic fortress with tower built by Genoese some 550 years ago is situated on a hill south of the village. The site, covering an area of 9,010 m2 (97,000 sq ft), has a panoramic view of Bosphorus.Garipçe is a fishing community, popular for its fish restaurants. There is no lodging facility in the village.Line #40 of the city bus İETT, running between Taksim Square and Rumelifeneri, serves Garipçe in the late night, and Line 150, running between Hacıosman Bayırı and Rumelifeneri, serves in the day.

Myrileion was a town of ancient Thrace, inhabited during Roman times.Its site is located near Lykiou Limen in European Turkey.

Argyronion was a coastal town of ancient Bithynia located on the Bosphorus. Its site is located near Macar tabya in Asiatic Turkey.

Mochadion was a coastal town of ancient Bithynia located on the Bosphorus. Its site is tentatively located near Fil Burnu in Asiatic Turkey.

Joshua's Hill (Turkish: Yuşa Tepesi or Hazreti Yuşa Tepesi), a hill located on the Anatolian shore of the Bosporus in the Beykoz district of Istanbul, Turkey, is a shrine consisting of a mosque and a tomb dedicated to Yusha (Turkish: Hazreti Yuşa). The summit of the hill is 202 metres (663 feet) above sea level and an important landmark for vessels coming from the Black Sea. On its summit there's a terrace with benches for the comfort of pilgrims visiting the mosque and the tomb of Saint Joshua. To the north of the hill is Yoros Castle.

Chelae or Chelai (Ancient Greek: Χῆλαι) was a coastal town of ancient Bithynia located on the Bosphorus. Its site is located near Keçili Liman in Asiatic Turkey.

Sarıyer (pronounced [saˈɾɯjeɾ]) is a municipality and district of Istanbul Province, Turkey. Its area is 177 km2, and its population is 350,454 (2022). It is on the northeastern part of Istanbul's European side. Sarıyer also administers the Black Sea coast to the west of the mouth of the Bosphorus, including the neighbourhood of Kilyos. It borders Eyüpsultan to the northwest, Beşiktaş to the south and Kağıthane to the west. The mayor is Şükrü Genç of the Republican People's Party (CHP).