2019 Sudanese coup d'état

The 1985 Sudanese coup d'état was a military coup that occurred in Sudan on 6 April 1985. The coup was staged by a group of military officers and led by the Defense Minister and Armed Forces Commander-in-Chief, Field Marshal Abdel Rahman Swar al-Dahab, against the government of President Gaafar Nimeiry.

The 1990 Sudanese coup d'état attempt was a bloodless coup attempt which took place in Sudan on 23 April 1990. Reportedly orchestrated by two retired Armed Forces officers, Major General Abdul Gadir al Kadaru and Brigadier Mohamed Osman Karrar, and planned by junior officers loyal to them, the coup attempt was directed against the RCCNS, the ruling military junta led by Lieutenant General Omar al-Bashir (who himself took power in the 1989 coup d'état). According to Bashir, loyalist troops foiled the coup attempt by striking before the plotters could make their move, crushing the coup bid 'in its cradle'. He also claimed the plotters were 'in alliance with the rebels' of the SPLA, a predominantly Christian group that waged the then-ongoing civil war against the Muslim-led central government. The Egyptian news agency MENA said there were unconfirmed reports of an exchange of gunfire at the Khartoum International Airport and the Armed Forces headquarters during the coup attempt. Officials said about 30 officers and retired officers had been arrested.

A coup d'état was carried out by the Sudanese Armed Forces on 30 June 1989 against the democratically elected government of Prime Minister Sadiq al-Mahdi and President Ahmed al-Mirghani. The coup was led by military officer Omar al-Bashir who took power in its aftermath; he ruled the country for the next 30 years until he was overthrown in 2019.

The National Centre for Research (NCR) (Arabic: المركز القومي للبحوث, romanized: Markaz al-Qawmī lil-Buḥūth) is a research institution in Sudan that was established in 1991, to succeed the National Council for Research which was established in 1970. It operates under the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research and holds a status similar to that of universities within the country. The NCR’s primary role is to carry out scientific and applied research that contributes to the economic and social development of Sudan. The NCR is composed of various research institutes, each specialising in different fields such as renewable energy, technology, environment and natural resources, medicinal and aromatic Plants, tropical medicine, and economic and social studies. The research work is conducted by a team of around 180 researchers, supported by approximately 100 technicians and about 300 administrative staff. The NCR published 555 papers between 1993 and 2015. The NCR has established research collaborations with national and international institutes and has adopted a successful partnership policy. It also welcomes foreign scientists who are interested in conducting research in Sudan.

Mayo (Arabic: مايو), or Mayo district or Mayo neighbourhood (Arabic: حي مايو), is one of the neighbourhoods of Khartoum, Sudan, located in the southern side of Khartoum.

The International University of Africa (Arabic: جامعة افريقيا العالمية) is a private university in Khartoum, Sudan. It is a member of the Federation of the Universities of the Islamic World. The university has faculties of Education and Humanities, Shariah and Islamic Studies, of Pure and Applied Sciences, Engineering and Medicine.The university has its origins in the Islamic African Centre, established in Khartoum in 1977 with financial help from Saudi Arabia and other Arab States of the Persian Gulf to train preachers and educate young African Muslims and "imbue them with the Salafist view of Islam." In 1992, the military government of Colonel Omar Al-Bashir upgraded the institute to a university. Although the word "Islamic" was dropped from the title, Islamic studies are an important part of the curriculum. The university has been active in Islamic higher education in sub-Saharan Africa since it was created.Due to its geographic location and cultural history, Sudan has been hosting a steady flow of people from neighbouring countries, who were either in pursuit of religious knowledge or were on their way to perform the hajj pilgrimage. (Port Sudan lies directly across the Red Sea from Mecca's port city of Jeddah.) Some pilgrims stayed behind, either with a sheikh (religious leader) or fleeing from religious persecution, which set in as a result of European colonization. Others were forced by incessant wars to seek refuge and education in Sudan. As of 2010, the university had almost 6000 students. Its 93-acre campus is located in the South-Eastern part of Khartoum State.

Elrazi University (Arabic: جامعة الرازي) is a private university located in Khartoum, Sudan. It was founded in 2001 by the first batch in the dental program for the academic year 2001/2002. Elrazi University has been recognized and accredited by: The Ministry of Higher Education, Sudanese Medical Council European & African universities WHO Members of the Association of Arab Universities. National, Regional & International Links and affiliations: Elrazi University is a member of the Union of Sudanese Universities. A member of Sudanese Association of Deans of Schools of Medicine & Health Sciences. Elrazi also has agreements with National University of Medical & Technological Sciences. Has signed agreements with: University of Tanta of Egypt and the University of Bath & the University of Warwick of the UK.

The National University - Sudan is an educational institution based in the city of Khartoum, Sudan. As of September 2011, the university was a member of the Association of African Universities.In 2005 NUSU started as a college (National College for Medical and Technical Studies). The MHESR approved the start with 4 bachelor programmes (medicine, pharmacy, physiotherapy and health informatics) and 3-year diploma of physiotherapy. In 2006 the college added bachelor programmes of Dentistry and Radiography. In 2008, the college added bachelor of nursing and midwifery, medical laboratory technology, and administrative studies (business administration, accounting, marketing and management information systems). In 2009 the college became the first and the only ISO-9001-2008 certified higher education institution in Sudan, for its quality management of academic programmes. In 2014 after graduation of 5 batches, and satisfying MHESR requirements, it applied for upgrade and promoted to university, after only 9 years. This was a record in the Sudan, because most colleges take about 15-20 years. In 2016, NUSU added the Faculty of International Relations and Diplomatic Studies, and the Faculty of Engineering (civil, architecture and electrical and electronic degrees). Ownership From 2005 to 2014, it was owned by a private limited company, paid for and supported by a number of academicians and physicians. In 2014, ownership changed to an IPO, for more transparent managerial and financial control by the Sudan Stock Market, and allow the interested members of the public to invest and add their vision. In 2016 NUSU has been accredited by the British Accreditation Council (BAC) for 3 years, as an international centre, as the first and only higher education institution to attempt international accreditation. * Membership In 2008, NUSU became a member of the Union of Arab Universities (Amman, Jordan). In 2011, it became a member of the Association of African Universities (Accra, Ghana). In 2013, it became a member of the International Association of Universities (UNESCO, Paris, France). Accreditation Colleges in the Sudan cannot intake students before being approved by the MHESR, so certificates are readily authenticated graduates are recognized nationally and mutually in all other countries, for work and graduate education. The paramedical graduates from the faculties of radiography, physiotherapy, nursing, medical laboratory technology are registrable in the National Council for Medical and Health Specialties for authentication and recognition. Graduates of these programmes are all over the world.

Khartoum International Community School (KICS) is a private English-medium international School, established by the DAL Group in 2004. Located on a purpose-built campus in the Hay El Raqi area, a Southern suburb of Khartoum, Sudan, KICS caters for students from age of 3 to 18 years. KICS is an International Baccalaureate curriculum school. In addition to its academic programmes, KICS offers a diverse range of extra-curricular activities. School teams compete in a range of sports and represent the school at a variety of international tournaments. KICS was accredited by the Council of International Schools in 2010 and is authorized to offer the IB Diploma and Primary Years programmes. In the 2010/11 school year, KICS had 416 students. KICS then employed 124 staff with 59 faculty and 23 teaching assistants. It has been an IB World school since March 2007.School Area Size of school is about 24,000 f^2

Yarmouk Military Industrial Complex (YIC) (Arabic: مجمع اليرموك للصناعات العسكرية), also known as the Yarmouk Munitions Factory (Arabic: مصنع اليرموك للذخائر), is a military complex located in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan. The complex was established in 1993 and inaugurated in 1996 with the aim of establishing advanced military industries to meet defence needs in Sudan and contribute to the transfer and localisation of modern technology and benefit from it in the field of defence. It produces rifles, pistols, launcher cannons and tanks such as Al Basheer MBT (Type 85M-II), Al Zubair 1 MBT, and Al Zubair 2 MBT, as well as Amir IFV and Amir 2 IFV armoured vehicles and self-propelled guns, as well as ammunition of various kinds.It was managed by the General Intelligence Service, as part of the Military Industry Corporation, and it 35% owned by Iran. Personnel from the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps were also reported to be working there. In 2012, it was suggested that the Israeli Air Force conducted an air strike on the facility. During the 2023 Sudan conflict, the Rapid Support Forces claimed control of the complex.

Nahda College is an educational institution founded in 2014 and based in the city of Khartoum, Sudan.

Future University (FU) (Arabic: جامعة المستقبل), formerly known as Computer Man College (Arabic: كلية كمبيوترمان) or (CMC), is an Information and communications technology university in Sudan. It was established in 1991 as the first college to introduce an Information Technology program in the region, and within the country. It was also one of the first to introduce Computer Engineering,Telecommunication Engineering and Architecture & Design programs. It was upgraded to a university in August 2010 by the Sudan Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research. The university adopts the credit hours system in its education process. Currently, the university contains seven faculties, each offering several programs.