Quattro Strade, Bientina

Santa Colomba is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Bientina, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 277.Santa Colomba is about 25 km from Pisa and 3 km from Bientina.

Montecalvoli is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Santa Maria a Monte, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 2,632.Montecalvoli is about 25 km from Pisa and 4 km from Santa Maria a Monte.

Santa Maria a Monte is a comune in the Province of Pisa in the Italian region of Tuscany. The town lies about 45 kilometres (28 miles) west of Florence and about 25 kilometres (16 mi) east of Pisa.

Puntone is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Bientina, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 124.Puntone is about 25 km from Pisa and 4 km from Bientina.

Tavolaia is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Santa Maria a Monte, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 72.Tavolaia is about 30 km from Pisa and 6 km from Santa Maria a Monte.

Cascine di Buti is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Buti, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 2,999.Cascine di Buti is about 25 km from Pisa and 3 km from Buti.

Lago di Bientina, also known as Lago di Sesto, was a lake in Tuscany, Italy. Located to the north of the town of Bientina, between Lucca and Pisa, the lake was historically subject to numerous efforts at drainage due to its tendency to flood. Early attempts at canal-building and drainage in the 16th century were hampered by the lake's connection with the Arno River, which often led to backflow and even increased flooding. In the 19th century, by order of Grand Duke Leopold II, the lake was fully reclaimed and converted to farmland. Before drainage, it was the largest lake in Tuscany. The former lake-bed is drained by a series of canals, which flow through a channel called La Botte ('The Barrel') underneath the Arno River before emptying into the Canale Imperiale ('Imperial Canal'), and, subsequently, the Ligurian Sea.

Cerretti is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Santa Maria a Monte, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 488.Cerretti is about 30 km from Pisa and 3 km from Santa Maria a Monte.

San Donato is a village in Tuscany, central Italy, administratively a frazione of the comune of Santa Maria a Monte, province of Pisa. At the time of the 2001 census its population was 530.San Donato is about 28 km from Pisa and 5 km from Santa Maria a Monte.

The Era is a river in Tuscany in Italy. It rises near Volterra and flows into the Arno river at Pontedera. The Era is 54 km long, and its main tributaries are: (to the left) Cascina river, Ragone torrent, Sterza torrent, and (to the right) Capriggine torrent and Roglio torrent. In 1966 the river flooded the town of Pontedera.

Pontedera (Italian: [ponteˈdɛːra]; Latin: Pons Herae) is an Italian comune with a population of 29,270 inhabitants, located in the province of Pisa, Tuscany, central Italy. The town is located 20 km (12 miles) from Pisa and 50 km (31 miles) from Florence. It houses the headquarters of the Piaggio company, of the Castellani winery and of the Amedei premium artisan chocolate factory. Pontedera is in the Arno Valley at the confluence of the Era River and the Arno River. Its territory is also crossed by the Scolmatore dell'Arno canal, and by the Roglio, a tributary of the Era. There is also a small lake, in the frazione of La Rotta, known as Braccini lake. The football team in the town is called U.S. Città di Pontedera, and they are currently placed in Serie C.

Lo Scolmatore dell'Arno (The Arno floodway) is a 28 kilometers (17 mi) artificial flood control channel of the river Arno from Pontedera to the Ligurian Sea at Calambrone. As a consequence of the Arno flood of 1949, it was decided to start the construction of Scolmatore dell'Arno in 1954 at a cost of more than 10 billion lire of the time. The work was not completed in time for the disastrous flood of 1966 that, in addition to Florence, caused enormous damages in Pontedera and Pisa. The floodway branches off the Arno 40 km from the river mouth (28 kilometers (17 mi) off the coast), just downstream Pontedera in a southwesterly direction, where the Arno proper continues towards northwest. The elevation at the bifurcation is 11 meters (36 ft), with the floodway's main ingate controlled by four gates that during normal water levels are closed, whereas a secondary and smaller ingate has free flow. The main channel has a total length of 28.3 kilometers (17.6 mi) and after a bend 8 kilometers (5.0 mi) downstream it continues almost straight towards the sea in a west-southwest direction. The lower 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) forms the border between the provinces of Livorno and Pisa, and the mouth is situated between Calambrone and the seaport of Livorno, 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) south of Arno proper's mouth. Scolmatore dell'Arno has a few branches, most notably is the much older Navicelli channel that connects less than one km from the mouth, although they lie parallel for further 2 kilometers (1.2 mi) before this channel turns towards northwest. Another few channels drain the area between Arno proper and the floodway. The main tributary is the River Tora that converges 9.5 kilometers (5.9 mi) from the mouth, just northwest of Mortaiolo. A minor tributary is the River Zannone that converges 19.5 kilometers (12.1 mi) from the mouth, just downstream the aforementioned bend of the channel. It is likely that the lower part of the channel at least partly occupies the original paths of Tora and Zannone. Both these rivers originates from the Pisan hills south of the Arno valley and the channel itself. The floodway was designed for a capacity of 1,400 cubic meters (49,000 cubic feet) per second, which should handle 60% of the water flowing through Pisa, but this magnitude was never achieved and due to lack of maintenance the actual drainage of the channel is not more than 400 cubic meters (14,000 cubic feet) per second. A related problem is silt deposits of the seaport of Livorno that lies adjacent to the floodway's mouth.