Chezib of Judah

Aviezer (Hebrew: אֲבִיעֶזֶר) is a small religious moshav in central Israel. Located seven kilometres south of Beit Shemesh, at the east end of the Elah valley, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 890.

Umm er Rus (Arabic: امّ الرؤوس), alternate spelling Um Ra'us (literal meaning: "mother of the summits"), is a Roman-Byzantine era ruin that sits high on a spur in the Judean mountains, overlooking the Elah valley. The site was formerly known in Arabic as Umm er Rûs esh-Shamālīya ("the northern Umm er Rus"), to distinguish it from another site by the same name, lying on an adjacent hill to its south. The site takes its Arabic name from the prospect that it affords, having the broad connotation of "the place with the hill-top." Its older Hebrew appellation is no longer known. The ruin is located a little less than 1 mile northeast of Aviezer.

The Mémorial de la Déportation des Juifs de France (Hebrew יָד לִגֵּירוּשׁ יְהוּדֵי צָרְפַת, translit.: Yad li-Geyrūš Yəhūdey Tsarfat) is a memorial in Israel to the deportation of Jews from France during the National Socialist era. Located in a pine forest near Beit Shemesh, near Moschaw Neve Michael in the Elah Valley, the site was built through the initiative of the Association des Fils et Filles des Déportés Juifs de France (Association of the sons and daughters of Jews deported from France), chaired by Beate Klarsfeld and Serge Klarsfeld, and opened on 18 June 1981. The concept was developed by Simon Guerchon. The memorial measures 100 metres in length and 13 metres in height. On the memorial are all of the pages from the book of the same name, Mémorial de la Déportation des Juifs de France, published by Serge and Beate Klarsfeld in 1978, reproduced on fibreglass panels, and which contains the convoys of deportations first and last names and date and place of birth of the deportees. The pine forest around the memorial with 80,000 trees in memory of the 80,000 deported Jews from France was planted by the Jewish National Fund. Two celebrations take place annually at the monument: On Yom HaShoah, the Day of Remembrance of the Shoah (27 Nisan, April/May), when the members of UNIFAN (Union of Immigrants from France, North Africa and Francophonie, הִתְאַחֲדוּת עוֹלֵי צָרְפַת, צְפוֹן אַפְרִיקָה וְדוֹבְרֵי צָרְפִיתִית, translit.: Hit'aẖdūt 'Ōley Tsarfat, Tsfōn Afrīqah, və-Dōvrey Tsarfatīt) to hold a commemoration ceremony (in the presence of a delegation from the French Embassy) following a workshop in Yad Vashem. On 16 July (the anniversary of the raid on the Velodrom-Vélodrome d'Hiver in Paris), the members of the Aloumim Association (עֲלוּמִים, Association of Israeli Children Hiding in France during the Shoa) pay tribute to their relatives at the Memorial.

Neve Michael (Hebrew: נְוֵה מִיכָאֵל, lit. 'Michael's Haven') also known as Roglit, is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Adullam region and built upon an eminence in the far south-east end of the Elah Valley, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 871.

Giv'ot Eden (Hebrew: גבעות עדן, lit. 'Eden Hills'), also spelled Geva'ot Eden, is a community settlement in central Israel, officially designated as such in 2023. Located in the Judean Mountains, 41.7 kilometres (25.9 mi) southwest of Jerusalem, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2023 it had a population of 122. The settlement sits in the Judean foothills, and rests at an elevation of 379 metres (1,243 ft) above sea-level.

Judea or Judaea (; Hebrew: יהודה, Modern: Yəhūda, Tiberian: Yehūḏā; Greek: Ἰουδαία, Ioudaía; Latin: Iudaea) is a mountainous region of the Levant. Traditionally dominated by the city of Jerusalem, it is now part of Palestine and Israel. The name's usage is historic, having been used in antiquity and still into the present day; it originates from Yehudah, a Hebrew name. Yehudah was a son of Jacob, who was later given the name "Israel" and whose sons collectively headed the Twelve Tribes of Israel. Yehudah's progeny among the Israelites formed the Tribe of Judah, with whom the Kingdom of Judah is associated. Related nomenclature continued to be used under the rule of the Babylonians (the Yehud province), the Persians (the Yehud province), the Greeks (the Hasmonean Kingdom), and the Romans (the Herodian Kingdom and the Judaea province). Under the Hasmoneans, the Herodians, and the Romans, the term was applied to an area larger than the historical region of Judea. In 132 CE, the Roman province of Judaea was merged with Galilee to form the enlarged province of Syria Palaestina.The term Judea was revived by the Israeli government in the 20th century, as part of the Israeli administrative district name "Judea and Samaria Area" for the territory that is generally referred to as the West Bank.

Bayt Nattif or Beit Nattif (Arabic: بيت نتّيف, Hebrew: בית נטיף and בית נתיף‎ alternatively) was a Palestinian Arab village, located some 20 kilometers (straight line distance) southwest of Jerusalem, midway on the ancient Roman road between Beit Guvrin and Jerusalem, and 21 km northwest of Hebron. The village lay nestled on a hilltop, surrounded by olive groves and almonds, with woodlands of oak and carobs overlooking Wadi es-Sunt (the Elah Valley) to its south. It contained several shrines, including a notable one dedicated to al-Shaykh Ibrahim. Roughly a dozen khirbas (deserted, ruined settlements) lay in the vicinity.During the British Mandate it was part of the Hebron Subdistrict. Bayt Nattif was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on October 21, 1948 under Operation Ha-Har.

Khirbet al-Deir (Arabic: خربة الدير), or Khirbet ed-Deir, is a Palestinian village located 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) southwest of Bethlehem, and 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) northwest of Hebron. The town is in the Hebron Governorate of central West Bank. According to the 2007 Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) Census, the village had a population of 264 people.

Khirbet et-Tibbâneh (Hurvat Tibneh / Kh. Tibna)(Arabic: خربة التبانة), sometimes referred to by historical geographers as the Timnah of Judah (Hebrew: תמנה), is a small ruin situated on a high ridge in the Judaean mountains, in the Sansan Nature Reserve, 622 metres (2,041 ft) above sea level, about 3 kilometers east of Aviezer and ca. 7 kilometers southeast of Bayt Nattif. The site is thought to have formerly borne the name Timnath (distinct from the Tel Batash-Timnah site associated with the biblical story of Samson in the lower foothills of Judea along the Sorek valley). Khirbet et-Tibbaneh or Timnah is perched upon a high mountain ridge rising up from the Elah valley and is where the episode of Judah and Tamar is thought to have taken place.

Aderet (Hebrew: אַדֶּרֶת) is a moshav in central Israel. Located in the Judean foothills in the Adullam region, south of Beit Shemesh, west of Gush Etzion and overlooking the Valley of Elah, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 922.

Netiv HaLamed-Heh (Hebrew: נְתִיב הַל"ה, lit. 'Path of the 35') is a kibbutz in central Israel. Located in the Valley of Elah, it falls under the jurisdiction of Mateh Yehuda Regional Council. In 2021 it had a population of 670.

Ganei HaEla (Hebrew: גני האלה) is a community of Beit Shemesh in Israel with 96 homes geared toward Dati Leumi Torani and Modern Orthodox Jews.