Battle of Calatañazor

Calatañazor is a municipality located in the province of Soria, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2010 census (INE), the municipality has a population of 70 inhabitants. The municipality is named after the tiny fortified city on top of a hill. Also situated in the municipality are the hamlets Aldehuela and Abioncillo. Abioncillo used to be abandoned like many forsaken hamlets in Spain, but in the 1980s was turned around by a few dedicated teachers into an educational center. In the valley between Calatañazor and Abioncillo, the Battle of Calatañazor took place in 1002. This place is still named El valle de la sangre (the valley of blood). Almanzor, the ruler of Muslim Al-Andalus is by some historians said to have died in this battle and was buried in Medinaceli. There is a statue of him in Calatañazor. A certain kind of juniper tree, the Juniperus thurifera (Spanish juniper), grows in a close forest in the nature reserve of El Sabinar de Calatañazor. Some are the biggest to be found in the whole Iberian peninsula. Some more are found close to an underground river, the Abión, which surfaces at the Fuentona de Muriel, a natural heritage site. The Fuentona (spring) is often visited, especially by advanced cave divers. The locals call this spring El Ojo de la Mar (the eye of the sea). In the vicinity of Abioncillo, some 4000-year-old drawings are found in La Cueva Maja. Both in the center of Abioncillo and Calatañazor, some centuries old elms can be found, as in Celt-Iberian times were an important symbol. The name Calatañazor comes from the Arab Qalat al-Nusur which can either mean "Castle of Azure" or "Castle of Vultures".

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Soria is one of the 59 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Senate of Spain, the upper chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency elects four senators. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Soria. The electoral system uses an open list partial block voting, with electors voting for individual candidates instead of parties. Electors can vote for up to three candidates.

Soria is one of the 52 constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the Cortes Generales. The constituency currently elects two deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Soria. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Soria is a province of central Spain, in the eastern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. Most of the province is in the mountainous Sistema Ibérico area.

Soria is one of the nine constituencies (Spanish: circunscripciones) represented in the Cortes of Castile and León, the regional legislature of the Autonomous Community of Castile and León. The constituency currently elects five deputies. Its boundaries correspond to those of the Spanish province of Soria. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and a closed-list proportional representation, with a minimum threshold of three percent.