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Place de l'Estrapade

5th arrondissement of ParisSquares in Paris
Place de l'Estrapade 2
Place de l'Estrapade 2

Place de l'Estrapade is a square in the 5th arrondissement of Paris. It is located where rue de l'Estrapade meets rue Lhomond and rue des Fossés-Saint-Jacques and marks the border between quartier du Val-de-Grâce and la Sorbonne. It is named after the 'estrapade' or strappado inflicted there on prisoners (especially Protestants) until it was forbidden by Louis XIII of France. It has also been known as carrefour de Braque and place Neuve-de-Fourcy.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Place de l'Estrapade (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Place de l'Estrapade
Place de l'Estrapade, Paris 5th Arrondissement (Paris)

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N 48.8452 ° E 2.3448 °
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Place de l'Estrapade

Place de l'Estrapade
75005 Paris, 5th Arrondissement (Paris)
Ile-de-France, France
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Place de l'Estrapade 2
Place de l'Estrapade 2
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Panthéon
Panthéon

The Panthéon (French: [pɑ̃.te.ɔ̃], from the Classical Greek word πάνθειον, pántheion, '[temple] to all the gods') is a monument in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. It stands in the Latin Quarter, atop the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève, in the centre of the Place du Panthéon, which was named after it. The edifice was built between 1758 and 1790, from designs by Jacques-Germain Soufflot, at the behest of King Louis XV of France; the king intended it as a church dedicated to Saint Genevieve, Paris' patron saint, whose relics were to be housed in the church. Neither Soufflot nor Louis XV lived to see the church completed. By the time the construction was finished, the French Revolution had started; the National Constituent Assembly voted in 1791 to transform the Church of Saint Genevieve into a mausoleum for the remains of distinguished French citizens, modelled on the Pantheon in Rome which had been used in this way since the 16th century. The first panthéonisé was Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau, although his remains were removed from the building a few years later. The Panthéon was twice restored to church usage in the course of the 19th century—although Soufflot's remains were transferred inside it in 1829—until the French Third Republic finally decreed the building's exclusive use as a mausoleum in 1881. The placement of Victor Hugo's remains in the crypt in 1885 was its first entombment in over fifty years. The successive changes in the Panthéon's purpose resulted in modifications of the pedimental sculptures and the capping of the dome by a cross or a flag; some of the originally existing windows were blocked up with masonry in order to give the interior a darker and more funereal atmosphere, which compromised somewhat Soufflot's initial attempt at combining the lightness and brightness of the Gothic cathedral with classical principles. The architecture of the Panthéon is an early example of Neoclassicism, surmounted by a dome that owes some of its character to Bramante's Tempietto. In 1851, Léon Foucault conducted a demonstration of diurnal motion at the Panthéon by suspending a pendulum from the ceiling, a copy of which is still visible today. As of December 2021 the remains of 81 people (75 men and six women) had been transferred to the Panthéon. More than half of all the panthéonisations were made under Napoleon's rule during the First French Empire.

Faculty of Law of Paris
Faculty of Law of Paris

The Faculty of Law of Paris (French: Faculté de droit de Paris), called from the late 1950s to 1970 the Faculty of Law and Economics of Paris, is the second-oldest faculty of law in the world and one of the four and eventually five faculties of the University of Paris ("the Sorbonne"), from the 12th century until 1970. During the Middle Ages, it was, with the faculty of law of the University of Bologna, the oldest one, one of the two most important faculties of law in the world. Pierre Abélard, founder of modern law, was its precursor as a teacher at the cathedral school of Notre-Dame de Paris, Andrea Alciato, founder of legal humanism, was a professor there, and Saint Ivo, patron of the lawyers and "Advocate of the Poors" according to the Catholic Church, has studied there. The prohibition by the Pope of teaching of Roman Law limited, however, its growth, to the benefit of the nearby University of Orléans, where numerous important French people studied law. In 1679, King Louis authorized the teaching of Roman Law. Numerous French intellectuals and revolutionary, like Voltaire, Diderot and d'Alembert, Robespierre, etc. studied there. Between the French Revolution and its dissolution in 1970, numerous important people in France and in the world have taught or studied there, like Victor Hugo, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Tocqueville, and Honoré de Balzac. The faculty of law is also mentioned in classical French literature, in particular in Les Misérables. At the dissolution of the Sorbonne in 1970, its two main buildings were place du Panthéon and rue d’Assas. Most of its law professors (88 out of 108) decided to perpetuate the faculty of law and economics choose to perpetuate the faculty by creating and joining a university of law offering the same programs within the same two buildings; therefore, they created the "University of Law, Economics and Social Sciences of Paris", now called Panthéon-Assas University.

Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas University

Paris-Panthéon-Assas University (French: Université Paris-Panthéon-Assas; [ynivɛʁsite pɑ̃teɔ̃ asas]), commonly known as Assas ([asas]) or Paris 2 (French: Paris II [paʁi dø]), is a university in Paris, often described as the top law school of France. It is considered as the direct inheritor of the Faculty of Law of Paris, the second-oldest faculty of Law in the world, founded in the 12th century.Following the division of the University of Paris (known as the "Sorbonne") in 1970, after the events of May 68, law professors had to decide about the future of their faculty. Most of the law professors (88 out of 108) chose to perpetuate the Faculty of Law of Paris by creating and joining a university of law offering the same programs within the same two buildings that hosted the Faculty of Law. The remaining professors joined multidisciplinary universities, including the new Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University. Panthéon-Assas currently provides the law courses of the Sorbonne University as an independent university, having refused to officially merge into it as a faculty.The majority of the nineteen campuses of Panthéon-Assas are located in the Latin Quarter, with the main campuses on Place du Panthéon and Rue d'Assas, hence its current name. The university is composed of five departments specialising in law, political science, economics, journalism and media studies and public and private management, and it hosts twenty-four research centres and five specialised doctoral schools. Every year, the university enrolls approximately 18,000 students, including more than 3,000 international students.