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Ward No. 39, Kolkata Municipal Corporation

Municipal wards of KolkataUse Indian English from May 2018

Ward No. 39, Kolkata Municipal Corporation is an administrative division of Kolkata Municipal Corporation in Borough No. 5, covering parts of Marcus Square, College Street and Simla neighbourhoods in North Kolkata, in the Indian state of West Bengal.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Ward No. 39, Kolkata Municipal Corporation (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors).

Ward No. 39, Kolkata Municipal Corporation
Madan Mohan Burman Street, Kolkata Machua Bazar (Kolkata)

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N 22.579667 ° E 88.362861 °
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Madan Mohan Burman Street

Madan Mohan Burman Street
700007 Kolkata, Machua Bazar (Kolkata)
West Bengal, India
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Direct Action Day
Direct Action Day

Direct Action Day (16 August 1946) was the day the Muslim League decided to take "direct action" for a separate Muslim homeland after the British exit from India. Also known as the 1946 Calcutta Killings, it was a day of nationwide communal riots. It led to large-scale violence between Muslims and Hindus in the city of Calcutta (now known as Kolkata) in the Bengal province of British India. The day also marked the start of what is known as The Week of the Long Knives. While there is a certain degree of consensus on the magnitude of the killings (although no precise casualty figures are available), including their short-term consequences, controversy remains regarding the exact sequence of events, the various actors' responsibility and the long-term political consequences.Controversy still rages about the respective responsibilities of the two main communities, the Hindus and the Muslims, in addition to individual leaders' roles in the carnage. The dominant British view tends to blame both communities equally and to single out the calculations of the leaders and the savagery of the followers for whom were criminal elements. In the Congress’ version of the events, the blame tends to be squarely laid on the Muslim League and in particular on the Chief Minister of Bengal, Suhrawardy. The view from the Muslim League, which is partly upheld in Bangladesh, the successor state to East Pakistan, is that Congress and the Hindus in fact used the opportunity offered by Direct Action Day to teach the Muslims in Calcutta a lesson and to kill them in great numbers. Thus, the riots opened the way to a partition of Bengal between a Hindu-dominated Western Bengal including Calcutta and a Muslim-dominated Eastern Bengal (now Bangladesh).The All-India Muslim League and the Indian National Congress were the two largest political parties in the Constituent Assembly of India in the 1940s. The Muslim League had demanded since its 1940 Lahore Resolution for the Muslim-majority areas of India in the northwest and the east to be constituted as 'independent states'. The 1946 Cabinet Mission to India for planning of the transfer of power from the British Raj to the Indian leadership proposed a three-tier structure: a centre, groups of provinces and provinces. The "groups of provinces" were meant to accommodate the Muslim League's demand. Both the Muslim League and the Congress in principle accepted the Cabinet Mission's plan. However, the Muslim League suspected the Congress's acceptance to be insincere.Consequently, in July 1946, the Muslim League withdrew its agreement to the plan and announced a general strike (hartal) on 16 August, terming it Direct Action Day, to assert its demand for a separate homeland for Muslims in certain northwestern and eastern provinces in colonial India. Calling for Direct Action Day, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the All India Muslim League, said that he wanted 'either a divided India or a destroyed India'.Against a backdrop of communal tension, the protest triggered massive riots in Calcutta. More than 4,000 people died and 100,000 residents were left homeless in Calcutta within 72 hours. The violence sparked off further religious riots in the surrounding regions of Noakhali, Bihar, United Provinces (modern Uttar Pradesh), Punjab and the North Western Frontier Province. The events sowed the seeds for the eventual Partition of India.

University of Calcutta

The University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University; abbreviated as CU) is a public collegiate state research university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Considered one of the best state research universities in India every year, CU has topped among India's best universities several times. It has 151 affiliated undergraduate colleges and 16 institutes in Kolkata and nearby areas. It was established on 24 January 1857 and is the oldest multidisciplinary and European-style institution in Asia. Today, the university's jurisdiction is limited to a few districts of West Bengal, but at the time of establishment it had a catchment area ranging from Lahore to Myanmar. Within India, it is recognized as a "Five-Star University" and accredited an "A+" grade by the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). The University of Calcutta was awarded the status of "Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area" and "University with potential for excellence" by the University Grants Commission (UGC). The university has a total of fourteen campuses spread over the city of Kolkata and its suburbs. As of 2020, 151 colleges and 21 institutes and centres are affiliated with CU. The university was fourth in the Indian University Ranking 2021 list, released by the National Institutional Ranking Framework of the Ministry of Education of the Government of India. Its alumni and faculty include several heads of state and government, social reformers, prominent artists, the only Indian Academy award winner and Dirac medal winner, many Fellows of the Royal Society and three Nobel laureates as of 2019. The Nobel laureates associated with this university are C. V. Raman, Amartya Sen, and Abhijit Vinayak Banerjee. The university has the highest number of students who have cleared the National Eligibility Test. The University of Calcutta is a member of the United Nations Academic Impact.

Vidyasagar Evening College

Vidyasagar Metropolitan College is located in Kolkata (Calcutta), India. It is a government-aided college that offers undergraduate courses. The students get B.A, B.Sc or B.Com degree from the University of Calcutta depending on subjects they choose. The college has an equipped library as well as physics, chemistry and biology laboratories. Students from all over the state of West Bengal come to study in this college. Employers have conducted on campus job interviews in the academic year 2006-2007 and selected students for highly paid and lucrative jobs, primarily in the booming local software industry. In recent times this college has organised seminars in important topics both in the fields of literature as well as science. The topics include: (i) Trends in Indian poetry (ii) Religious reforms in eastern India (iii) Game theory of Mathematics (iv) Civilian use of nuclear power (v) Interpretation of Quantum Theory. (vi) Differential Equations (Sponsored by Dept. of Higher Edn. Govt. of. WB, 2011) (vii) Engendering and related social issues (UGC sponsored National Level, 2011) The Department of English has also organised a paper presentation session on the usage of supernatural elements in European literature. The Department of Physics organises science exhibitions to popularise scientific temperament among the local school children. Students of neighbouring schools demonstrate scientific models and scientific experiments which are designed and fabricated by them. For organising this exhibition Department of Physics gets financial support from the Indian Physics Teachers Association.