North End, Cumbria

Burgh by Sands ( (listen)) is a village and civil parish in the City of Carlisle district of Cumbria, England, situated near the Solway Firth. The parish includes the village of Burgh by Sands along with Longburgh, Dykesfield, Boustead Hill, Moorhouse and Thurstonfield. It is notable as the site of the first recorded North African (Moorish) military unit in Roman Britain, garrisoning the frontier fort of Aballava on Hadrian's Wall in the 3rd century AD. It is also where Edward I of England died in 1307.According to the 2011 census the parish had a population of 1,176. The village is about seven miles (11 km) west of Carlisle city centre. The village has a primary school, a pub and a post office. It also has a statue of Edward I at some distance to the north. Burgh was on the Carlisle Navigation canal from 1823 to 1853, after which it was served by the Port Carlisle railway, which was built on the bed of the canal, until its closure in 1932. From 1856 to 1964, railway trains operating on the Carlisle to Silloth line once again stopped at Burgh-by-Sands station.

Aballava or Aballaba (with the modern name of Burgh by Sands) was a Roman fort on Hadrian's Wall, between Petriana (Stanwix) to the east and Coggabata (Drumburgh) to the west. It is about one and a half miles south of the Solway Firth, and its purpose was to guard the south end of two important Solway fords, the Peat Wath and the Sandwath, which were also to become favourite routes for medieval border raiders. The fort is five and a half miles west of Stanwix. The word 'Aballava' possibly means '(apple) orchard'. The fort was an oblong, straddling the Wall, and measured 500 feet (150 m) north to south by 400 feet (120 m) east to west, occupying an area of 5 acres (20,000 m2). Only the location of the eastern wall is known for certain. It is believed that it was built over the site of turret 71b. There is a fortified border church on the site built almost entirely of Roman stones, and it is believed that this stands on the site of the principia of the fort. There was a vicus to the south-west of the fort, and it is believed that a cemetery existed to the south of the fort.

St Michael's Church is in the village of Burgh by Sands, Cumbria, England. It is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Carlisle, the archdeaconry of Carlisle, and the diocese of Carlisle. Its benefice is united with those of St Andrew, Aikton, St Mary, Kirkandrews-on-Eden with Beaumont, and St Peter, Kirkbampton. The church is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade I listed building. It is a fortified church standing on the line of Hadrian's Wall, and is unique in having had two fortified towers (one of which has been converted into a vestry).

Milecastle 72 (Fauld Farm) was one of a series of Milecastles or small fortlets built at intervals of approximately one Roman mile along Hadrian's Wall (grid reference NY32415913).

Burgh-by-Sands railway station was originally named Burgh (pronounced "Bruff"). It opened in 1854 on the Port Carlisle Railway branch and later the Silloth branch, serving the village of Burgh in Cumberland - now Cumbria - England. The line and station closed on 7 September 1964 as part of the Beeching cuts.In 2014 the station building survived as a private dwelling.

Burgh by Sands Castle was located near the village of Burgh by Sands, Cumbria, England. The castle was located to the east of the village. A fortified manor house is known in the 12th century. A circular pele tower was constructed in the 13th century. It was the caput of the barony of Burgh by Sands. Originally held by Robert d'Estrivers, it passed by marriage of his daughter and heiress Ibria to Ranulf de Engaine. It later passed by the heiress Ada to Simon de Morville and then Thomas de Multon. The castle was destroyed in 1339 during a raid by a Scottish army and was never rebuilt. No remains are evident above ground.

Milecastle 71 (Wormanby) was one of a series of Milecastles or small fortlets built at intervals of approximately one Roman mile along Hadrian's Wall (grid reference NY33805920).

Moorhouse is a village on the B5307 road in the civil parish of Burgh by Sands in the Carlisle district, in the English county of Cumbria. It is near the city of Carlisle. In 1870–72 the township had a population of 306. It has a pub called 'The Royal Oak Inn'.

Monkhill is a small village in the civil parish of Beaumont, in the City of Carlisle district, in the county of Cumbria, England. Nearby settlements include the small city of Carlisle and the villages of Burgh by Sands and Kirkandrews-on-Eden. Monkhill has a pub called the Drovers Rest Inn and a Methodist Chapel with adjoining School Room which holds local village events. The village is situated on the course of a vallum associated with Hadrian's Wall and is near the narrowest point of the River Eden, the site was a crossing point for Roman troops, Scottish border raiders, and cattle drovers. Monkhill, today, is a quiet little hamlet.

Milecastle 73 (Dykesfield) was one of a series of Milecastles or small fortlets built at intervals of approximately one Roman mile along Hadrian's Wall (grid reference NY30975937).

Thurstonfield Lough is an open water lough near Carlisle, Cumbria, and a Site of Special Scientific Interest.

Longburgh is a hamlet in the civil parish of Burgh by Sands, in the City of Carlisle District, in the English county of Cumbria. Nearby settlements include the village of Burgh by Sands and the hamlet of Dykesfield. In 1870-72 the township had a population of 146.