Kamal Adwan Hospital siege

The North Gaza Governorate (Arabic: محافظة شمال غزة) is one of the five Governorates of Palestine in the Gaza Strip which is administered by Palestine, aside from its border with Israel, airspace and maritime territory. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the Governorate had a population of 270,245 (7.2% of the Palestinian population) with 40,262 households in mid-year 2007 encompassing three municipalities, two rural districts and one refugee camp.It has five seats in the Palestinian Legislative Council, in 2006 they were all won by members of Hamas.

Beit Lahia or Beit Lahiya (Arabic: بيت لاهيا) is a city in the Gaza Strip, north of Jabalia, in the North Gaza Governorate of the State of Palestine. It sits next to Beit Hanoun and close to the border with Israel. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the city had a population of 89,838 in 2017. As of January 2024, the city is under IDF control.

Om al-Nasr or Al-Qaraya al-Badawiya is an area within the northern Gaza governorate in Palestine. The population of the village was about 4,737 according to Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) in 2017. The village was established in 1997 on an area of 800 dunums.

Izbat Beit Hanoun (Arabic: عزبة بيت حانون) is a Palestinian village in the North Gaza Governorate of the State of Palestine, in the Gaza Strip. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Izbat Beit Hanoun had a population of 7,383 in mid-2006.

The al-Fakhura school incident was an Israeli military strike that took place during the Gaza War on 6 January 2009 near a United Nations-run school in the Jabalia Camp in the Gaza Strip. According to the UN and several non-governmental organizations (NGOs), more than 40 people were killed. Israel reported the death toll as nine Hamas militants and three noncombatants with senior IDF officers stating that the death toll published by Hamas was "grossly exaggerated". Israel stated it fired on the school in response to militant gunfire believed to be coming from al-Fakhura. A UN inquiry said that there was no firing from within the school and there were no explosives within the school, but could not establish if militants fired from the vicinity of the school.

From 9 October 2023, as part of the Israel–Hamas war, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) has conducted airstrikes in Jabalia refugee camp, claiming it was a stronghold for Hamas and other militant groups.In Jabalia camp, a densely populated region of Gaza, over sixty people were killed in airstrikes on 31 October, and much of the market was destroyed. Forty-five people were killed in an airstrike on the next day, and part of a residential complex was destroyed.

The Jabalia refugee camp, which has been the target of multiple Israeli air strikes during the Israel–Hamas war, was struck again on 31 October, killing at least 50 Palestinians and trapping more than a hundred beneath the rubble, according to the Gaza Health Ministry. The Indonesia Hospital said most casualties were women and children. Gaza Interior Ministry stated the camp had been "completely destroyed," with preliminary estimates of about 400 wounded or dead. IDF spokesperson Daniel Hagari confirmed that Israeli fighter jets attacked the refugee camp, and stated that the attack killed a Hamas commander who lead the 7 October attacks, dozens of Palestinian militants, and destroyed Palestinian tunnels. Hamas denied the presence of any commander and said Israel was using these claims as an excuse for the attack.

Jabalia Camp (Arabic: مخيّم جباليا) is a Palestinian refugee camp created by the United Nations following Israel's war of independence in 1948. Despite its name, it is nowadays an urban agglomeration located 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) north of Jabalia in the Gaza Strip. It is the largest refugee camp in Palestinian territory, with more than 100,000 inhabitants.

Nisanit (Hebrew: נִיסָנִית) was the largest Israeli settlement in the northern tip of the Gaza Strip in a mini-settlement bloc including Elei Sinai and Dugit. While Nisanit was under the municipal authority of the Hof Aza Regional Council it was not physically in the Gush Katif bloc where the bulk of the 'Gush Katif' settlements were located.

Dugit (Hebrew: דּוּגִית, lit. dinghy) was an Israeli settlement located in the northern tip of the Gaza Strip closest to the shore of the Mediterranean Sea in a mini-settlement bloc including Elei Sinai and Nisanit. While Dugit was under the municipal authority of the Hof Aza Regional Council it was not physically in the Gush Katif bloc where the bulk of the Gush Katif settlements were located.

American International School in Gaza (Arabic: المدرسة الأميركية الدولية في غزة) is a school located in Gaza. The school opened in 1999. Islamic fundamentalists criticized the schools coeducational classes and had attacked the school including bombing, looting and kidnapping. In 2009 the school held summer camp and planned to hold fall classes even though the campus had been bombed by Israel Defense Forces during Gaza War (2008–09). According to IDF the school was used by militants to launch rocket attacks but the school officials and local residents denied this.

Beit Hanoun or Beit Hanun (Arabic: بيت حانون) is a Palestinian city on the northeast edge of the Gaza Strip. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the town had a population of 52,237 in 2017. From mid-2007 until late 2023, it was administered by the Hamas administration. Beit Hanoun has been entirely depopulated, and virtually all its structures have either been destroyed or rendered unusable due to extreme damage following the Israel-Hamas war. The remains of Beit Hanoun are located by the Nahal-Hanun stream, 6 kilometers (3.7 mi) away from the Israeli town of Sderot.