Second Battle of the Isonzo

Monte San Michele (Italian) or Debela griža (Slovene) is a hill on the Karst Plateau, in the Italian province of Gorizia, on the border between the municipalities of Sagrado and Savogna d'Isonzo. It is located eight kilometres southwest of Gorizia, on the left bank of the Isonzo, and has four peaks, the highest two of which (Cima Due and Cima Tre) have an elevation of 275 meters above sea level, while the lowest (Cima Uno) has an elevation of 237 meters, and Cima Quattro stands at 264 meters.Due to its commanding position over the lower Isonzo valley and the plain of Gorizia, it was the theatre of heavy fighting during the First World War; along with Sabotin and Podgora, the San Michele was one of the main bulwarks of the Austro-Hungarian defense of Gorizia during the early battles of the Isonzo, heavily fortified with multiple orders of trenches, barbed wire, heavy artillery, tunnels and machine-gun posts. It was one of the most bitterly contested heights on the Karst during the first six battles of the Isonzo; during the Second Battle of the Isonzo, in July 1915, it was twice captured by Italian troops, and twice recaptured by Austro-Hungarian counterattacks. Partial gains were made during the Third and Fourth Battle of the Isonzo. On 29 June 1916 the San Michele was the location of the first use of poison gas on the Italian Front, when the Austro-Hungarian released a mix of chlorine and phosgene which killed 2,700 Italian troops and poisoned another 4,000 (additionally, some 250 Austro-Hungarians were killed, and 1,500 poisoned, due to a change in the wind that blew some of the gas back towards the Austro-Hungarian lines). The San Michele was finally secured by the Italian XI Corps (General Giorgio Cigliana) in August 1916, during the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo.Poet Giuseppe Ungaretti fought on the San Michele, which he mentioned in some of the poems collected in Allegria di naufragi.In 1922 the San Michele was declared a "monumental area", and turned into an open-air museum. A World War I museum is located near Cima Tre.

Gradisca d'Isonzo (Friulian: Gardiscja or Gardiscje; Slovene: Gradišče ob Soči; archaic German: Gradis am Sontig) is a town and comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Gorizia in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, north-eastern Italy. The lawyer, linguist, philologist Philippe Sarchi was born in Gradisca d'Isonzo. It is a member of the I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy") association.

The Battle of Doberdò took place in August 1916, fought by the Kingdom of Italy and Austria-Hungary. The Austro-Hungarian army was primarily made up of regiments filled with Hungarians and Slovenians. The battle was a part of the Sixth Battle of the Isonzo, and occurred in a strategic area: the most western edge of the Karst Plateau. The Italians had already conquered the lowland area surrounding Monfalcone and Ronchi, and attempted to push over the Karst Plateau to seize control of the major road that linked the city of Trieste, with its important port, to Gorizia. After fierce combat, and sustaining heavy casualties, the Italian forces secured victory, forcing the Austro-Hungarian forces to retreat, and capturing Gorizia.

The Redipuglia War Memorial (Italian: Sacrario militare di Redipuglia) is a World War I memorial located on the Karst Plateau near the village of Fogliano Redipuglia, in the Friuli Venezia Giulia region of northeastern Italy. It is the largest war memorial in Italy and one of the largest in the world, housing the remains of 100,187 Italian soldiers killed between 1915 and 1917 in the eleven battles fought on the Karst and Isonzo front.

The Church of the Immaculate Conception is an Italian church located in Borgo Zuppini, a district of Farra d'Isonzo. The church dates back to the 17th century. It belonged to the Gradiscan family of the Zuppini counts. In November 1665, Emperor Leopold confirmed the noble title to brothers Giovanni Battista, Antonio and Filippo. The church was erected on land owned by the Zuppini family by Count Giovanni Battista to fulfill a vow, following his recovery from an illness. The church was once private property of the Zuppini family, but it belongs to the Parish of Farra d'Isonzo since 1924. A descendant of the founder, died in 1778, was buried in the chapel. It was dedicated to the Immaculate Conception, to which the count had turned to beg for grace. It is the oldest church in the diocese named after the Immaculate Conception.

Grotta Regina del Carso ("Queen of Karst cave", Slovene: Jama Kraljica Krasa) is a Karst cave in the village of San Michele del Carso (Slovene: Vrh) in the municipality of Savogna d'Isonzo (Gorizia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy). The cave is not open to public, and the access is managed by Talpe del Carso/Kraški Krti speleological group, headquartered in the vicinity of the entrance.

The Vipava (in Slovene) or Vipacco (in Italian) or Wipbach / Wippach (in German) is a river that flows through western Slovenia and north-eastern Italy. The river is 49 kilometres (30 mi) in length, of which 45 km in Slovenia. After entering Italy it joins the Isonzo/Soča in the Municipality of Savogna d'Isonzo. This is a rare river with a delta source, formed by nine main springs. The Battle of the Frigidus was fought near the river, which was named Frigidus ('cold') by the Romans. It has a pluvial-nival regime in its upper course and a pluvial regime in its lower course.

Fogliano Redipuglia (Italian: [foʎˈʎaːno rediˈpuʎʎa]; Bisiacco: Foian Redipuia; Friulian: Foian Redipulie; Slovene: Foljan-Sredipolje, German: Radepollach) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Gorizia in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, located about 35 kilometres (22 mi) northwest of Trieste and about 13 kilometres (8 mi) southwest of Gorizia. Fogliano Redipuglia borders the following municipalities: Doberdò del Lago, Gradisca d'Isonzo, Ronchi dei Legionari, Sagrado, San Pier d'Isonzo, Villesse.

Sagrado (Italian: Stazione di Sagrado) is a railway station serving the town of Sagrado, in the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy. The station is located on the Udine–Trieste railway. The train services are operated by Trenitalia.

Lake Doberdò (Italian: Lago di Doberdò, Slovene: Doberdobsko jezero) is the name of a sinkhole in the Province of Gorizia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy. It is located on the westernmost edge of the Karst (Italian: Carso, Slovene: Kras) plateau, close to the border with Slovenia. It is named after the village of Doberdò del Lago (Slovene: Doberdob).

Grotta dell'Artiglieria ("Artillery Cave") is a Karst cave in the municipality of Doberdò del Lago (Gorizia, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy). The cave is located NE of Doberdob Lake, near the top of a small hill, in the small village of Jamiano. The name is referred to the artillery battery set in the cave during World War I.

Trieste Airport (Italian: Stazione di Trieste Airport) is a railway station serving Trieste – Friuli Venezia Giulia Airport, located in Ronchi dei Legionari, in the region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, northern Italy. The station opened on 19 March 2018 and is located on the Venice–Trieste railway. The train services are operated by Trenitalia.