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The Almshouse (Richmond, Virginia)

1861 establishments in VirginiaBuildings and structures in Richmond, VirginiaHospital buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in VirginiaItalianate architecture in VirginiaNational Register of Historic Places in Richmond, Virginia
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1861
Old Almshouse, Richmond, Virginia
Old Almshouse, Richmond, Virginia

The "Almshouse", also known as the City Home is a historic almshouse and hospital complex located in Richmond, Virginia.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article The Almshouse (Richmond, Virginia) (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

The Almshouse (Richmond, Virginia)
Hospital Street, Richmond Gilpin Court

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Geographical coordinates (GPS)

Latitude Longitude
N 37.553055555556 ° E -77.430555555556 °
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Address

Hospital Street 1 B
23219 Richmond, Gilpin Court
Virginia, United States
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Old Almshouse, Richmond, Virginia
Old Almshouse, Richmond, Virginia
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Nearby Places

Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District
Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District

The Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District, located in the city of Richmond, Virginia, is a significant example of a municipal almshouse-public hospital-cemetery complex of the sort that arose in the period of the New Republic following disestablishment of the Anglican Church. The District illustrates changing social and racial relationships in Richmond through the New Republic, Antebellum, Civil War, Reconstruction, and Jim Crow/Lost Cause eras of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District occupies 43 acres (17 ha) of land bounded to the south by E. Bates Street, to the north by the northern limit of the Virginia Passenger Rail Authority (previously the CSX rail line) right-of-way (City of Richmond parcel #N0000233022) at the southern margin of the Bacon's Quarter Branch valley, to the west by 2nd Street, and to the east by the historic edge of the City property at the former location of Shockoe Creek. The District encompasses most of a 28.5-acre (11.5 ha) tract acquired by the city of Richmond in 1799 to fulfill several municipal functions, along with later additions to this original tract.The Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register on March 17, 2022. The district features a suite of municipal functions and services concerned with matters of public welfare, health, and safety, which the City of Richmond relegated to its then-periphery on its northern boundary during the nineteenth century. It includes three properties which have long been recognized and celebrated, that are individually listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places: the Almshouse, Shockoe Hill Cemetery, and Hebrew Cemetery. It additionally includes three newly identified sites: the City Hospital and Colored Almshouse Site, the City Powder Magazine Site, and the Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground. The district was also the site of the city gallows. On June 16, 2022 the Shockoe Hill Burying Ground Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places. The Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground is likely the largest burial ground for free people of color and the enslaved in the United States. It is conservatively estimated that over 22,000 people of African descent were buried in its 31 acres (13 ha). It was opened in 1816, and closed in 1879 due to overcrowded conditions. It has suffered many abuses, and was purposely made to disappear from the visible landscape. It is one of "Virginia's most endangered historic places". Current threats to the burial ground include the DC2RVA passenger rail project (high-speed rail), the east-west Commonwealth Corridor, and the proposed widening of I-64, along with various infrastructure projects.

Shockoe Hill
Shockoe Hill

Shockoe Hill is one of several hills on which much of the oldest portion of the City of Richmond, Virginia, U.S., was built. It extends from the downtown area, including where the state capitol complex sits, north almost a mile to a point where the hill falls off sharply to the winding path of Shockoe Creek. Interstate 95 now bisects the hill, separating the highly urbanized downtown portion from the more residential northern portion. Near the northern edge of Shockoe Hill are two important cemeteries. Shockoe Hill Cemetery is the burial place of Chief Justice John Marshall, American Revolutionary War hero Peter Francisco, Union spy Elizabeth Van Lew, and many other notables. It also is the resting place of many Confederate States of America soldiers. Over five hundred deceased Union Army POWs were buried in the African Burying Ground on Shockoe Hill ("Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground"). The graves were located to the north and to the east of the City Hospital building (outside the eastern wall of Shockoe Hill Cemetery), and also in the vicinity of the Poorhouse. The remains of the soldiers were moved after the War to the Richmond National Cemetery.The Hebrew Cemetery of Richmond, founded in 1816, contains within it what is reputed to be the largest Jewish military burial ground in the world outside of Tel Aviv. Many of Richmond's Jewish elite, including William Thalhimer, founder of the Thalhimers department store, are found there. Next to the Hebrew Cemetery is The Almshouse building, built in 1860 to be the city poor house, which saw service as an American Civil War hospital and which in 1865 briefly served as the home of the Virginia Military Institute Corps of Cadets. Many Confederate soldiers buried in the two cemeteries had died while hospitalized in that building. The long unacknowledged burial ground for the enslaved and free people of color, the "Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground" which in the 1870s came to be labeled on maps as "Potter's Field", is located at 5th and Hospital St. On the 1816 Plan of the City of Richmond Property it appears as the "Burying Ground for Free People of Colour" (One Acre), and the "Burying Ground for Negroes" (One Acre). On the 1817 Map of the City of Richmond it appears as "Free People of Colour's B.G." and "Negro(e's) B.G.".[1] On the 1835 Plan of the City of Richmond it appears as the "Grave Yard for Free People of Colour" and "For Slaves". On the 1849 Plan of Richmond it is called the "Burying-ground for Coloured Persons". On the 1853 Smith's Map of Henrico County, Virginia it appears as the "African Burying Ground". Its original 2 acres is on the opposite side of 5th Street directly to the east of the Hebrew Cemetery and on both sides of Hospital Street, as the street was run through it. This cemetery originally comprised one acre for free people of color and one acre for slaves. It was established in 1816 by the City of Richmond and though segregated, it was a part of the Shockoe Hill Burying Ground also known as the Shockoe Hill Cemetery. The Shockoe Hill African Burying Ground was greatly expanded in size over time. It encompassed slightly more than 31 acres. This land, however, contains nothing on its surface that would cause it to be visibly recognizable as a cemetery today. It is presently referred to by some as the "2nd African Burial Ground" or "second African Burying Ground", and "African Burial Ground II".