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Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin

1993 establishments in GermanyBuildings and structures in Steglitz-ZehlendorfEducational institutions established in 1993German school stubsInternational schools in Berlin
Japanese school stubsNihonjin gakkō in Germany
Wannsee Charlottenstraße Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin
Wannsee Charlottenstraße Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin

The Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin e.V. (ベルリン日本人国際学校, Berurin Nihonjin Kokusai Gakkō) is a Japanese international school (nihonjin gakkō) located in the Wannsee area of Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Berlin, Germany.The fourth nihonjin gakkō in Germany, the school opened in 1993.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin
Charlottenstraße, Berlin Wannsee

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N 52.4141452 ° E 13.1466298 °
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Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin

Charlottenstraße 10
14109 Berlin, Wannsee
Germany
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Wannsee Charlottenstraße Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin
Wannsee Charlottenstraße Japanische Internationale Schule zu Berlin
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Fernmeldeturm Berlin

The Fernmeldeturm Berlin (Telecommunications Tower Berlin) is a telecommunication tower located atop the Schäferberg hill in Berlin-Wannsee. The tower was built between 1961 and 1964, and is not open to the public. Owner and operator of the site is Deutsche Funkturm (DFMG), a subsidiary of Deutsche Telekom. The Fernmeldeturm Berlin is 212 metres (696 ft) tall, and its steel-reinforced concrete shaft extends to a height of 187 metres (614 ft). Between 101 and 132 metres (331 and 433 ft) in elevation, the tower houses six floors for technical equipment. This currently consists of transmitters for DVB-T digital television, analog [|FM]] radio, and newer DAB and DMB digital radio. From 1964 to the early nineties, the tower was used to implement two over-the-horizon radio links to the rest of West Germany. The city of Berlin was geographically isolated, so unusual means were necessary to bridge the distance. One such link used bundled arrays of directional antennas mounted near the top to establish a near-line-of sight connection at 250 MHz and 400 MHz to the tower at Gartow. The other used tropospheric scatter at 2 GHz to establish a non-line-of-sight link to Torfhaus. To that end the tower was equipped with two Parabolic reflector antennas, each 18 metres (59 ft) in diameter, which were mounted on the lower portion of the tower. They were removed in 1996. Because of these aerials, the Fernmeldeturm Berlin had to be designed to withstand triple the wind loading of the comparably sized TV tower in Stuttgart. The concrete shaft is thus 12 metres (39 ft) in diameter at the bottom, with a wall thickness of 55 centimetres (22 in). At the 97-metre (318 ft) mark, the shaft is nigh 7 metres (23 ft) in diameter. Directly adjacent to the Fernmeldeturm Berlin is a free standing steel framework tower. Formerly it supported two 10-metre (33 ft) diameter parabolic aerials for an over-the-horizon radio link, also to Torfhaus. These have since been removed. It is now predominantly used for cellular network aerials. Since 2001, the Fernmeldeturm Berlin is also used for transmissions in the medium wave range on 1485 kHz in DRM mode. Since the tower was not designed to accommodate this frequency range, a long wire aerial was installed for this purpose.

Wannsee Conference
Wannsee Conference

The Wannsee Conference (German: Wannseekonferenz, German pronunciation: [ˈvanseːkɔnfeˌʁɛnt͡s] (listen)) was a meeting of senior government officials of Nazi Germany and Schutzstaffel (SS) leaders, held in the Berlin suburb of Wannsee on 20 January 1942. The purpose of the conference, called by the director of the Reich Security Main Office SS-Obergruppenführer Reinhard Heydrich, was to ensure the co-operation of administrative leaders of various government departments in the implementation of the Final Solution to the Jewish question, whereby most of the Jews of German-occupied Europe would be deported to occupied Poland and murdered. Conference participants included representatives from several government ministries, including state secretaries from the Foreign Office, the justice, interior, and state ministries, and representatives from the SS. In the course of the meeting, Heydrich outlined how European Jews would be rounded up and sent to extermination camps in the General Government (the occupied part of Poland), where they would be killed.Discrimination against Jews began immediately after the Nazi seizure of power on 30 January 1933. Violence and economic pressure were used by the Nazi regime to encourage Jews to voluntarily leave the country. After the invasion of Poland in September 1939, the extermination of European Jewry began, and the killings continued and accelerated after the invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. On 31 July 1941, Hermann Göring gave written authorization to Heydrich to prepare and submit a plan for a "total solution of the Jewish question" in territories under German control and to coordinate the participation of all involved government organisations. At the Wannsee Conference, Heydrich emphasised that once the deportation process was complete, the fate of the deportees would become an internal matter under the purview of the SS. A secondary goal was to arrive at a definition of who was Jewish. One copy of the Protocol with circulated minutes of the meeting survived the war. It was found by Robert Kempner in March 1947 among files that had been seized from the German Foreign Office. It was used as evidence in the Subsequent Nuremberg Trials. The Wannsee House, site of the conference, is now a Holocaust memorial.