Battle of Łódź (1914)

Łódź, also seen without diacritics as Lodz, is a city in central Poland and a former industrial centre. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is located approximately 120 km (75 mi) south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canting, as it depicts a boat (łódź in Polish), which alludes to the city's name. As of 2022, Łódź has a population of 670,642 making it the country's fourth largest city. Łódź was once a small settlement that first appeared in 14th-century records. It was granted town rights in 1423 by Polish King Władysław II Jagiełło and it remained a private town of the Kuyavian bishops and clergy until the late 18th century. In the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Łódź was annexed to Prussia before becoming part of the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw; the city joined Congress Poland, a Russian client state, at the 1815 Congress of Vienna. The Second Industrial Revolution (from 1870) brought rapid growth in textile manufacturing and in population owing to the inflow of migrants, notably Germans and Jews. Ever since the industrialization of the area, the city has been multinational and struggled with social inequalities, as documented in the novel The Promised Land by Nobel Prize–winning author Władysław Reymont. The contrasts greatly reflected on the architecture of the city, where luxurious mansions coexisted with red-brick factories and dilapidated tenement houses.The industrial development and demographic surge made Łódź one of the largest cities in Poland. Under the German occupation during World War II Łódź was briefly renamed Litzmannstadt after Karl Litzmann. The city's population was persecuted and its large Jewish minority was forced into a walled zone known as the Łódź Ghetto, from where they were sent to German concentration and extermination camps. The city became Poland's temporary seat of power in 1945. Łódź experienced a sharp demographic and economic decline after 1989. It was only in the 2010s that the city began to experience revitalization of its neglected downtown area. Łódź is ranked by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network on the "Sufficiency" level of global influence and is internationally known for its National Film School, a cradle for the most renowned Polish actors and directors, including Andrzej Wajda and Roman Polanski. In 2017, the city was inducted into the UNESCO Creative Cities Network and named UNESCO City of Film.

Plac Wolności, known in English as Liberty Square, is an octagonal public square located in central Łódź, Poland. Completed in 1823, it is the northern endpoint of the commercial Piotrkowska Street. Its present name commemorates Poland regaining its independence in 1918.

Łódź Voivodeship (Polish: Wojewodztwo Łódzkie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland from 1919 to 1939. At the time, it covered a large portion of the mid-western part of the country, including such cities as Łódź, Piotrków Trybunalski, Sieradz and Radomsko. The capital of the Łódź Voivodeship was always Łódź, but the land that comprised it changed several times.

The Izrael Poznański Palace (Polish: Pałac Izraela Poznańskiego) is a 19th-century palace in Łódź, Poland. Initially the site of a tenement building, the property was transformed into a Neo-Renaissance and Neo-baroque style residence during the years 1888 to 1903.

The Stara Synagogue, also known as Alte Szil and ‘’’Alt Stodt Shul’’’ meaning Old Town Synagogue was a "beautiful" synagogue in Łódź, Poland. The name Stara means old, many Polish cities called the oldest synagogue in town the Stara synagogue. The Stara was Łódź's principal Orthodox synagogue. It was built by Orthodox industrial magnates who wished to outshine, or at least compete with, the 1881 Great Synagogue (Łódź) built by the Reformed Jewish community.

The Manufaktura is an arts centre, shopping mall, and leisure complex in Łódź, Poland. A major tourist attraction of the city, it includes the largest public square in Łódź, which acts as a venue for cultural and sports events.The Manufaktura opened on 17 May 2006, after 5 years of planning and the subsequent 4 years of construction. The total area of the complex is 27 hectares (67 acres). The work involved the renovation of an old textile factory building. The Manufaktura is located in the central part of the city, in the former industrial complex founded by Izrael Poznański, which is known also as the filming location of the novel by Władysław Reymont titled The Promised Land about the industrialization of the city of Łódź.

Arlekin Puppet Theatre, officially named Henryk Ryl Arlekin Puppet Theatre in Łódź, is a puppet theatre in Łódź, Poland.

Ezras Izrael Synagogue, also known as the Wołyńska Shul, was a synagogue in Łódź, Poland located at ul. Wólczańska 6 Street. It was built in 1899-1904 from donations by the Jewish merchants including those expelled from Tsarist Lithuania and Belarus area. The architect was Gustaw Landau-Gutenteger. The synagogue flourished for only three decades. It was burned to the ground by the Nazis on November 11, 1939 before the Łódź Ghetto was set up.

Andel's Hotel Łódź is a historic four-star hotel located in Łódź, Poland at Ogrodowa Street 17 in a former textile factory constructed between 1872-1892 and designed by Hilary Majewski.

The Great Synagogue of Łódź (Polish: Wielka Synagoga w Łodzi) was a synagogue in Łódź, Poland, which was built in 1881. It was designed by Adolf Wolff and paid mostly by local industrialists, such as Izrael Poznański, Joachim Silberstein and Karol Scheibler. It served the reformed congregation and was usually referred to as The Temple.Prominent Łódż builder and architect Johann Steck (or, Jan Sztek, 1851–1914) carried out construction of the Great Synagogue in 1881–1887, at the corner of ul. Zielona and al. Tadeusza Kościuszki (formerly ul. Spacerowa). The synagogue was burned to the ground by the Germans on the night of November 14, 1939, along with its Torah scrolls and interior fixtures. It was dismantled in 1940. Today the site is used as a parking lot.

The Karol Poznański Palace is a former residence in Łódź, central Poland. It was constructed in 1904.It houses today the rectorate of the Academy of Music in Łódź.

The Medical University of Łódź was founded on October 1, 2002 as a merger of the Medical Academy of Łódź (founded January 1, 1950) and the Military Medical Academy of Łódź (founded July 1, 1958). It is the largest teaching hospital unit in Poland and a European research center.