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Suraxanı (town)

Populated places in Azerbaijan
Ateshgah of Baku Tower 1
Ateshgah of Baku Tower 1

Suraxanı or Surakhany (Azerbaijani: Suraxanı) is a town in the eastern part of Azerbaijan, administrative center of Suraxanı raion of Baku agglomeration. It is located in the Absheron peninsula, at an altitude of 12 meters above sea level, 30 km to the north-east from Baku. A name of the city is translated as “warm house” from the Tat language. From times immemorial outskirts of Suraxanı were famed for abundance of oil wells. The first oil refinery in the world was built in Suraxanı on the initiative of Vasily Kokorev, in 1857. Dmitri Mendeleev worked in this refinery as a consultant. In 1879, Baku-Sabunchu railway branch, which significantly facilitated transportation of oil, passed through Suraxanı and in 1926, the first line of electric trains in the USSR passed through Suraxanı.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Suraxanı (town) (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Suraxanı (town)
Suraxanı - Hövsan yolu, Surakhany Raion

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Latitude Longitude
N 40.386388888889 ° E 50.022777777778 °
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Suraxanı - Hövsan yolu

Suraxanı - Hövsan yolu
1125 Surakhany Raion
Baku Ekonomic Zone, Azerbaijan
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Ateshgah of Baku Tower 1
Ateshgah of Baku Tower 1
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Ateshgah of Baku
Ateshgah of Baku

The Ateshgah of Baku (from Persian: آتشگاه, Ātashgāh, Azerbaijani: Atəşgah), often called the "Fire Temple of Baku", is a castle-like religious temple in Surakhany town (in Surakhany raion), a suburb in Baku, Azerbaijan. Based on Iranian and Indian inscriptions, the temple was used as a Hindu, Sikh, and Zoroastrian place of worship. "Ātash" (آتش) is the Persian word for fire. The pentagonal complex, which has a courtyard surrounded by cells for monks and a tetrapillar-altar in the middle, was built during the 17th and 18th centuries. It was abandoned in the late 19th century, probably due to the dwindling of the Indian population in the area. The natural eternal flame went out in 1969, after nearly a century of usage of the petroleum and gas in the area, but is now lit by gas piped from the nearby city.The Baku Ateshgah was a pilgrimage and philosophical centre of Zoroastrians from Northwestern Indian subcontinent, who were involved in trade with the Caspian area via the famous "Grand Trunk Road". The four holy elements of their belief were: ateshi (fire), badi (air), abi (water), and heki (earth). The temple ceased to be a place of worship after 1883 with the installation of petroleum plants (industry) at Surakhany. The complex was turned into a museum in 1975. The annual number of visitors to the museum is 15,000.The Temple of Fire "Ateshgah" was nominated for inclusion on the List of World Heritage Sites, UNESCO in 1998 by Gulnara Mehmandarova. On December 19, 2007, it was declared a state historical-architectural reserve by decree of the President of Azerbaijan.