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Bolton, Cumbria

Bolton, CumbriaCivil parishes in CumbriaCumbria geography stubsEden DistrictUse British English from September 2019
Villages in Cumbria
All Saints Church Bolton geograph.org.uk 984145
All Saints Church Bolton geograph.org.uk 984145

Bolton is a village and civil parish in the Eden District of Cumbria, England, about 4 miles (6 km) north west of Appleby-in-Westmorland, and on the River Eden. According to the census of 2001, it had a population of 416, increasing to 435 at the census of 2011. The parish touches Brougham, Colby, Cliburn, Crackenthorpe, King's Meaburn, Kirkby Thore, Morland and Temple Sowerby.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Bolton, Cumbria (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

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Latitude Longitude
N 54.604 ° E -2.561 °
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CA16 6AL
England, United Kingdom
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All Saints Church Bolton geograph.org.uk 984145
All Saints Church Bolton geograph.org.uk 984145
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Maiden Way
Maiden Way

The Maiden Way or Maidenway (Middle English: Maydengathe; Medieval Latin: Via Puellarum) was a roughly 20-mile (32 km) Roman road in northern Britain connecting the Roman fort of Bravoniacum (Kirkby Thore) near Penrith with that of Magnis (Carvoran) on Hadrian's Wall, via the intermediate fort of Epiacum (also known as Whitley Castle) roughly half-way between the two. William Bainbridge wrote an early paper on the road, in Archaeologia Aeliana; Account of the Roman Road, called the Maiden Way (1851).In 2016, it was reported that investigations using LIDAR technology by the Environment agency for the purposes of flood mapping and other environmental management were providing extensive data showing the existence of underground archaeological features including Roman roads. This included a continuation of the Maiden Way southwards from Kirkby Thore to the Roman fort at Low Borrowbridge near Tebay.Bravoniacum was a waypoint on the northern leg of the Roman road connecting Luguvalium (Carlisle) with Eboracum (York) and points south. Magnis was one of the waypoints on the Stanegate beside Hadrian's Wall. As such, the Maiden Way served as a shortcut for supplying the central and eastern areas of the Wall. It also provided supplies to the lead and silver mines near Epiacum (Whitley Castle).The Maiden Way was sometimes considered also to have run east along the Stanegate to Banna (Birdoswald), then 7 miles (11 km) north to Bewcastle Roman Fort, and thence to Liddesdale, but the zig-zag identity of this course as a single road is problematic.Following the end of Roman rule in Britain, the Maiden Way was used as a drovers' road. The route was probably named after the Maiden Castle fortlet guarding the Stainmore Pass to the east of the fort of Verterae (Brough).The Pennine Way footpath follows the line of the Maiden Way for several miles on a roughly north-south route across Lambley Common in Northumberland, above the west bank of the river South Tyne. Immediately north of this stretch, a modern minor road follows the line of the Maiden Way for several miles to the west of Featherstone Castle.

Hoff Beck
Hoff Beck

Hoff Beck is a stream that is a tributary of the River Eden in the English county of Cumbria. The headwaters of the beck lie within the Yorkshire Dales National Park and include the tributary streams of Dry Beck, Scale Beck, Asby Beck and Oak Beck. The tributaries drain the Orton Fells and the north side of Great Asby Scar. Dry Beck flows into Scale Beck just to the south of the hamlet of Drybeck, whilst Asby Beck flows through the centre of the village of Great Asby. Hoff Beck itself forms with the confluence of Scale Beck and Asby Beck. Shortly after the confluence, the beck flows over Rutter Force, a 30-foot (9.1 m) high waterfall. Flowing north, the Hoff Beck receives the water of the Oak Beck before leaving the national park and passing the hamlet of Hoff. It then flows through the village of Colby before entering the River Eden downstream of the town of Appleby-in-Westmorland. The Environment Agency defines three waterbodies for the Hoff Beck and its catchment area and tributaries. Hoff Beck (lower) comprises the area up to the confluence of the Scale Beck and Asby Beck, Hoff Beck (upper) comprises the area along the Asby Beck above that confluence, and Scale Beck comprises the area along the Scale Beck above that confluence. In 2019, Hoff Beck (upper) and Scale Beck were classified as having a good ecological status, whilst Hoff Beck (lower) had a moderate status. In 2022, Hoff Beck (lower) was classified as having a good status, whilst no classifications were recorded for the other two. The Dales High Way, a 90-mile (140 km) long-distance footpath that runs from Saltaire, in West Yorkshire, to Appleby, follows the Hoff Beck from Rutter Force to Bandley Bridge, about half way between Hoff and Colby.