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Ghumdan Palace

Buildings and structures in SanaaCastles in YemenHouses completed in the 3rd centuryPalaces in YemenSabaean architecture

Ghumdan Palace, also Qasir Ghumdan or Ghamdan Palace, is an ancient palace and fortress in Sana'a, Yemen. It is the earliest known castle in the world. All that remains of the ancient site (Ar. khadd) of Ghumdan is a field of tangled ruins opposite the first and second of the eastern doors of the Jami‘ Mosque (Great Mosque of Sana'a). This part of Sana'a forms an eminence which is known to contain the debris of ancient times. The place is located on the extreme southeastern end of Sana'a's old walled city, al-Qaṣr, just west of where the Great Mosque of Sana'a was later built, and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of the Old City of Sana'a. It is sometimes referred to as Ghumdan Tower. According to Arab geographer and historian, Al-Hamdani (c. 893-945), the foundation stones of Ghumdan Palace were laid by Shem, the son of Noah, and finished by the Sabaean monarch Ilī-Sharḥa Yaḥḍib (ca. 8th century BCE), the father of Bilqis. Others say that it was built by Sha'r Awtar who walled the city of Sana'a, while yet others suggest that it may date to pre-Islamic times, constructed by the Sabaeans during the reign of the last great Sabaean King El Sharih Yahdhib (ca. 60-20 BCE). Some historians date it to the beginning of the 2nd century or the 1st century. The palace was destroyed by Caliph Uthman, or even earlier, by the Abyssinian conqueror Abrahah Al-Hubashi. Restored several times, the palace history is represented in numerous legends and tales. It is mentioned in many pieces of Arabic poetry, the poets singing about its beauty. Ghumdan Palace tower, a 20-storey high-rise building, is believed by some to have been the world's earliest skyscraper.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Ghumdan Palace (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors).

Ghumdan Palace
Aljamea Alkabeer, Sana'a City Bahr Rajraj

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N 15.353115 ° E 44.214722 °
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جامع صنعاء الكبير

Aljamea Alkabeer
Sana'a City, Bahr Rajraj
Amanat Al Asimah, Yemen
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Yemen Gate
Yemen Gate

The Yemen Gate or Gate of Yemen (Arabic: باب اليمن, romanized: Bâb el-Yemen) is the main gate of Sana's old fortified wall, on the southern extremity of the walled city. Its current appearance dates to the 17th century, having been designed by Sam the son of Noah. Today, it is the most ornate of the gates of Sana's Old City. Passengers travelling southward, en route to Ma'bar and Dhamar, would depart from this gate. As one enters the gate, one quickly notices the Yemeni architecture, high towering houses made of baked bricks decorated and waterproofed with lime plaster and qadad, one of the characteristic features of Sana's Old City. Many of the houses make use of decorative windows, designed as fanlights fitted with stained glass, enclosed within muntins of gypsum plaster and lime-coated sash. Windows that are typical of the Old City of Sana'a are the alabaster qamariyyah, and the stained glass fanlight (‘aqd mulawwan). The Great Mosque of Sana'a is located about 300 yards from the Yemen Gate. The old city of Sana'a is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its unique architectural characteristics, most notably expressed in its multi-storey buildings decorated with geometric patterns.The brass rings on the left and right columns at the entrance of the Yemen Gate were made by Jewish artisans during the period of the monarchy under the Imams.Opposite Bab al-Yaman to the north of the Old City is Bab es-Sha'ub.