2010 eruptions of Mount Merapi

Mount Merapi, Gunung Merapi (literally Fire Mountain in Indonesian and Javanese), is an active stratovolcano located on the border between the province of Central Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is the most active volcano in Indonesia and has erupted regularly since 1548. It is located approximately 28 km (17 mi) north of Yogyakarta city which has a population of 2.4 million, and thousands of people live on the flanks of the volcano, with villages as high as 1,700 m (5,577 ft) above sea level. Smoke can often be seen emerging from the mountaintop, and several eruptions have caused fatalities. A pyroclastic flow from a large explosion killed 27 people on 22 November 1994, mostly in the town of Muntilan, west of the volcano. Another large eruption occurred in 2006, shortly before the Yogyakarta earthquake. In light of the hazards that Merapi poses to populated areas, it was designated as one of the Decade Volcanoes. On the afternoon of 25 October 2010, Merapi erupted on its southern and southeastern slopes. A total of 353 people were killed over the next month, while 350,000 were forced to flee their homes; most of the damage was done by pyroclastic flows, while heavy rain on 4 November created lahars which caused further damage. Most of the fissures had ceased erupting by 30 November, and four days later the official threat level was lowered. Merapi's characteristic shape was changed during the eruptions, with its height lowered 38 m (125 ft) to 2,930 m (9,613 ft).Since 2010, Merapi had experienced several smaller eruptions, most noticeably two phreatic eruptions which occurred on 18 November 2013 and 11 May 2018. The first and larger of these, caused by a combination of rainfall and internal activity, saw smoke issued up to a height of 2,000 m (6,562 ft). There have been several small eruptions since the beginning of 2020, which are of great interest to volcanologists.

Turgo is a small basaltic hill on the southern slopes of Mount Merapi, Indonesia, and is also known as Gunung Turgo or Mount Turgo. It is administratively located in Purwobinangun, Pakem, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Recent work suggests that the hill itself is older than the present volcanic cone of Gunung Merapi. It is just west of Plawangan, the valley between the two has been subject to nuée ardente in the 1990s which killed local villagers. Despite the very small area on the peak of Turgo, it has some sacred graves that are attributed to be connected with Sheikh Jumadil Qubro, a direct descendant of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, and as consequence is considered to be part of the complex network of graves that constitute the Javanese sacred places Dutch anthropologist Martin van Bruinessen has written about this character following his residence in Yogyakarta.It is also located within the solukhambu nature reserve, a 200 ha (490-acre) nature reserve on the slope of Merapi that has rare animals and plants occurring in its area.

Selo in Java, Indonesia, is a village on the saddle of ground between two volcanoes in Central Java, Mount Merbabu and Mount Merapi. It is regularly identified as Selo, Boyolali, due to its district name and immediate administrative centre having that name.It is situated on the northern lower slopes of Merapi and the southern slope of Merbabu.When Merapi is inactive between eruptions, Selo is often utilised for walkers to go up to the volcano crater as an alternative to the older and more difficult climbing routes from Kaliurang on the southern slopes.

The Ullen Sentalu Museum is a Javanese culture and art museum located in Kaliurang highland, Yogyakarta, Java, Indonesia. The museum displays relics and artifact from royal houses and kratons of Java, such as Yogyakarta, Pakualam, Surakarta, and Mangkunegaran.

Kaliurang is a small town in Hargobinangun, Pakem, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. It is located about 25 kilometres (16 mi) north of the city of Yogyakarta, on the southern slopes of Mount Merapi. Kaliurang is a resort town, popular as a weekend destination for visitors from Yogyakarta. Attractions include the cool air, views, and an extensive forested park with trails. The town charges a small admission fee to visitors, paid at a booth on the busy main road from Yogyakarta. The town was the location of negotiations during the fighting between the Dutch and Indonesians in the 1940s, when the houses and holiday homes owned by the Sultanate of Yogyakarta were used. Kaliurang has been an important base for vulcanologists in their monitoring of eruptions of Merapi, especially when the southern slopes of the volcano become active.

Mount Merbabu (Indonesian: Gunung Merbabu) is a dormant stratovolcano in Central Java province on the Indonesian island of Java. The name Merbabu could be loosely translated as 'Mountain of Ash' from the Javanese combined words; Meru means "mountain" and awu or abu means "ash". The active volcano Mount Merapi is directly adjacent on its south-east side, while the city of Salatiga is located on its northern foothills. A 1,500m high broad saddle lies between Merbabu and Merapi, the site of the village of Selo, Java and highly fertile farming land. There are two peaks; Syarif (3,119 m) and Kenteng Songo (3,145 m). Three U-shaped radial valleys extend from the Kenteng Songo summit in northwesterly, northeastly and southeastly directions. Two known moderate eruptions occurred in 1560 and 1797. The 1797 event was rated 2: Explosive, on the Volcanic Explosivity Index. An unconfirmed eruption may have occurred in 1570.Geologically recent eruptions originated from a North Northwest-South Southeast fissure system that cut across the summit and fed the large-volume lava flows from Kopeng and Kajor craters on the northern and southern flanks, respectively.Merbabu can be climbed from several routes originating from the town of Kopeng on the north east sideside, and also from Selo on the southern side. A climb from Kopeng to Kenteng Songo takes between 8 and 10 hours.An area of 57 km² at the mountain has been declared a national park in 2004.

Candi Asu is part of the Sengi complex built in the 8th and 9th centuries. It is a Hindu temple lying in Magelang Regency, Central Java. It is nestled in between Mount Merapi and Mount Merbabu volcanoes and near the road from Mungkid to Boyolali. An external wall is formed as the base with an internal wall acting as the foundation. Between the two walls, the area has been filled with two meters of rocks and earth, then paved on the top. The remaining space was left for a center statue to be placed. On the western outside wall, a masonry mass was left, forming the stairs. From this rough layout, new lines were drawn in the paving in order to expand and build the temple properly. Angular rocks were used as the original blocks, set at an angle. The temple was nearing completion and larger rocks were to be placed last. Carving began from the top of the temple, working downward. The large finishing rocks that were to be used at the end were never carved or used, offering an explanation to their disappearance from the site.

Derpowangsan is a populated place in Magelang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.

Bunda Pemersatu Monastery (Indonesian: Pertapaan Bunda Pemersatu, Pertapaan Bunda Pemersatu Gedono) is a Trappistine monastery located in Semarang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The monastery was officially established on the Palm Sunday in 12 April 1987 as a daughter house of Rawaseneng Monastery in Temanggung Regency. Its architecture was one of the works of Fr. Y. B. Mangunwijaya, and in 1993 was awarded the National IAI Award from the Indonesian Institute of Architects (IAI). Like any nuns or monks in other Trappist monasteries, the nuns of Gedono lives on prayer and works of their hands under the Rule of Saint Benedict. Their manual works include managing vegetable plantations and household works, as well producing hosts, jams, syrups, cakes, kefirs, and religious cards, which enable them to feed themselves from the selling results.In the 25th anniversary of Gedono Monastery on 12 May 2012, which was also attended by Frans Seda's family, Cardinal Julius Darmaatmadja, SJ said: "Seven times a day, the nuns of Gedono praise, search for His mystery, admire, beg for mercy, pray for all: the whole world, the whole Church. The nuns live in the silence of the heart and mind, however brief, to be able to understand the Lord's will. The nuns live in love, praise, in simplicity and works. All of those are dedicated to the Lord. Thank you nuns, proficiat, thank you."

Kopeng is a village in the district of Getasan, in Semarang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Kopeng is a mountainous town (1500 m above sea level) located near the city of Salatiga. There a number of tourist destinations there. Mount Merbabu is nearby. Kopeng Treetop Adventure Park is a tourist attraction set in nature. This recreational park is located in the woods at the foot of Mount Merbabu and has become a popular attraction for families who wish to spend their weekends or holidays with a refreshing activity in nature.

Kimpulan (also known as Pustakasala temple) is a 9th to 10th century Hindu temple located in the area of Islamic University of Indonesia (UII) library in Kaliurang road, Sleman Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The temple was buried about 5 metres (16 ft) underground. Parts of the temple have been excavated to reveal square andesite stone walls and statues of Ganesha, Nandi, and Lingam-Yoni.

Muntilan is a district (kecamatan) in the Magelang Regency, Central Java. Muntilan is about 15 km south of Magelang, 10 km from Mungkid, 25 km north of Yogyakarta, and 90 km from the main town of Semarang located on the northern coast of Java. The town of Muntilan is on the old railway route between Kebon Polo station in Magelang and the main Tugu station in Yogyakarta. Tourists on their way to the well-known Buddhist temple Borobudur usually pass through Muntilan. Muntilan township is one of the main market centers on the western slopes of Mount Merapi, a major volcano in central Java within the administrative ambit of the regional government in Magelang. The locality is densely populated: in mid 2022 there was a population of 80,263 people living in an area of 28.61 km2, indicating a population density of 2,805 per km2.