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Madinat al-Zahra

Archaeological museums in SpainArchaeological sites in AndalusiaBien de Interés Cultural landmarks in the Province of Córdoba (Spain)Buildings and structures in the Province of Córdoba (Spain)Former populated places in Spain
Islamic art of SpainMoorish architecture of the Iberian peninsulaMuseums in AndalusiaPersian gardens in SpainPopulated places established in the 10th centuryRuins in SpainTourist attractions in AndalusiaWorld Heritage Sites in Spain
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Madinat al-Zahra or Medina Azahara (Arabic: مدينة الزهراء, romanized: Madīnat az-Zahrā, lit. 'the radiant city') was a fortified palace-city on the western outskirts of Córdoba in present-day Spain. Its remains are a major archaeological site today. The city was built in the 10th century by Abd-ar-Rahman III (912–961), a member of the Umayyad dynasty and the first caliph of Al-Andalus. It served as the capital of the Caliphate of Córdoba and its center of government. The main reason for its construction was politico-ideological: Abd ar-Rahman III had declared himself "caliph" in 929 and the dignity of this new title required the establishment of a new city, a symbol of his power, imitating other eastern Caliphates. It sought to demonstrate his superiority over his great rivals, the Fatimid Caliphs of Ifriqiya in North Africa and the Abbasid Caliphs in Baghdad. The city was built near Córdoba, the existing capital of al-Andalus under Umayyad rule. Construction began in 936–940 and continued in multiple phases throughout his reign and the reign of his son, Al-Hakam II (r. 961–976). The new city included ceremonial reception halls, a congregational mosque, administrative and government offices, aristocratic residences, gardens, a mint, workshops, barracks, service quarters, and baths. Water was supplied through aqueducts. After al-Hakam II's death, however, the city ceased to act as the center of government under the rule of Ibn Abi Amir al-Mansur (Almanzor). Between 1010 and 1013 it was sacked during a civil war and thereafter abandoned, with many of its materials re-used elsewhere. The ruins of the city were excavated starting in 1911. Only about 10 hectares of the 112 hectares (0.43 sq mi) of the city have been excavated and partially restored, but this area includes the main palaces. A dedicated archeological museum, located on the edge of the site, was opened in 2009. On July 1, 2018, the site was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site with the inscription name "Caliphate City of Medina Azahara".

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Madinat al-Zahra (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Madinat al-Zahra
CO-3400, Cordova

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N 37.888 ° E -4.867 °
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Medina Azahra - Conjunto Arqueológico Madinat al-Zahra

CO-3400
Cordova
Andalusia, Spain
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