Gravale

Cloghoge (Irish derived place name, Clochóg, meaning ‘Stony Place’) is a townland in the civil parish of Kinawley, barony of Tullyhaw, County Cavan, Ireland.

Duff Hill (Irish: An Cnoc Dubh, meaning 'black hill') at 720 metres (2,360 ft), is the 78th-highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin scale, and the 97th-highest peak on the Vandeleur-Lynam scale. Duff Hill is in the middle section of the Wicklow Mountains, in Wicklow, Ireland, and is part of the large massif of Mullaghcleevaun 849 metres (2,785 ft), which lies to its south. Gravale, which is 718 metres (2,356 ft) tall, lies to its immediate north.

The Wicklow Mountains (Irish: Sléibhte Chill Mhantáin, archaic: Cualu) form the largest continuous upland area in Ireland. They occupy the whole centre of County Wicklow and stretch outside its borders into the counties of Dublin, Wexford and Carlow. Where the mountains extend into County Dublin, they are known locally as the Dublin Mountains (Sléibhte Bhaile Átha Cliath). The highest peak is Lugnaquilla at 925 metres (3,035 feet). The mountains are primarily composed of granite surrounded by an envelope of mica-schist and much older rocks such as quartzite. They were pushed up during the Caledonian orogeny at the start of the Devonian period and form part of the Leinster Chain, the largest continuous area of granite in Ireland and Britain. The mountains owe much of their present topography to the effects of the last ice age, which deepened the glens and created corrie and ribbon lakes. Copper and lead have been the main metals mined in the mountains and a brief gold rush occurred in the 18th century. Several major river systems have their source in the mountains, such as the Liffey, Dargle, Slaney and Avoca rivers. Powerscourt Waterfall is the second tallest in Ireland at 121 metres (397 feet). A number of these rivers have been harnessed to create reservoirs for drinking water for Dublin and its surroundings. The Wicklow Mountains experience a temperate oceanic climate with mild, damp summers and cool, wet winters. The dominant habitat of the uplands consists of blanket bog, heath and upland grassland. The uplands support a number of bird species, including merlin and peregrine falcon. The valleys are a mixture of coniferous and deciduous woodland. The mountains have been inhabited since Neolithic times and a number of typical monuments, in particular a series of passage tombs, survive to the present day. The monastery at Glendalough, founded in the late 6th century by Saint Kevin, was an important centre of the Early Church in Ireland. Following the Norman invasion in the 12th century, the Wicklow Mountains became a stronghold and hiding place for Irish clans opposed to English rule. The O'Byrne and O'Toole families carried out a campaign of harassment against the settlers for almost five centuries. Later the mountains harboured rebels during the 1798 Rising. Rebel activity died out after the construction of the Wicklow Military Road at the start of the 19th century and the mountains began to attract tourists to the ruins at Glendalough and to admire the mountain scenery. The Wicklow Mountains continue to be a major attraction for tourism and recreation. The entire upland area is designated as a Special Area of Conservation and as a Special Protection Area under European Union law. The Wicklow Mountains National Park was established in 1991 to conserve the local biodiversity and landscape.

Mullaghcleevaun (Irish: Mullach Cliabháin, meaning 'summit of the cradle/basket') at 849 metres (2,785 ft), is the 15th–highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin scale, and the 20th–highest peak on the Vandeleur-Lynam scale. Mullaghcleevaun is in the central sector of the Wicklow Mountains range, in Wicklow, Ireland; it is the 2nd highest peak in Wicklow after Lugnaquilla. Mullaghcleevaun lies on the main "central spine" of the whole range that runs from Kippure in the north, to Lugnaquillia in the south; and in particular, it lies on the continuous "central boggy ridge" that runs from the Sally Gap to Tonelagee.To the east of the main summit of Mullaghcleevaun is Mullaghcleevaun East Top 790 metres (2,590 ft). Below the summit of Mullaghcleevaun lies the corrie lake of Cleevaun Lough, Wicklow's highest natural lake at 686 metres (2,251 ft).

Barnacullian is a mountain in County Wicklow, Ireland, located just north of Wicklow Mountains National Park. At 703 metres (2,306 ft) it is the 14th highest mountain in the Wicklow Mountains. An eroding peat bog on the mountain is the focus of a pilot conservation effort.

Tonelagee (Irish: Tóin le Gaoith, meaning 'backside to the wind'), is at 817 metres (2,680 ft), is the 25th–highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin scale, and the 33rd–highest peak on the Vandeleur-Lynam scale. Tonelagee is situated in the central sector of the Wicklow Mountains range, and sits on the main "central spine" of the range that runs from Kippure in the north, to Lugnaquillia in the south; and in particular, the continuous "central boggy ridge" that runs from the Sally Gap in the north, via Mullaghcleevaun, to Tonelagee. Tonelagee is the third highest peak in Wicklow after Lugnaquilla and Mullaghcleevaun. To the north is the subsidiary summit of Stoney Top 714 metres (2,343 ft), and to the east is another subsidiary summit of Tonelagee NE Top 668 metres (2,192 ft); between these three summits is the deep "heart-shaped" corrie lake of Lough Ouler.

Seefingan often spelt Seafingan (Irish: Suí Fingain meaning Fingan's Seat) is a mountain that straddles two county boundaries from its summit in Wicklow eastwards down into South Dublin, in Ireland. There are extensive views from the summit and there is a large megalithic cairn nearby.

Seefin (Irish: Suí Finn meaning Seat, or resting place, of Fionn) is a mountain in County Wicklow, Ireland that lies just south-west of the boundary with County Dublin. There are extensive views from the mountain top and it is notable for the Seefin Passage Tomb, a large megalithic tomb which exists on its summit.

Seefin Passage Tomb (Irish:Tuama Pasáiste Shuí Finn) is an empty passage grave and National Monument located atop Seefin Hill, County Wicklow, Ireland.

Wicklow Gap (Irish: Bearna Chill Mhantáin) is one of the highest Irish mountain passes served by an asphalted road. It is located in County Wicklow, Ireland.

Tonduff (Irish: Tóin Dubh, meaning 'black bottom') at 642 metres (2,106 ft), is the 169th–highest peak in Ireland on the Arderin scale, and the 202nd–highest peak on the Vandeleur-Lynam scale. Tonduff is in the far northeastern section of the Wicklow Mountains, in Wicklow, Ireland. The main flat summit is sometimes listed as Tonduff North, while the subsidiary summit, Tonduff East Top 593 metres (1,946 ft), is sometimes listed as Tonduff South. Tonduff East Top has a prominence of only 15 metres (49 ft), which just qualifies it as an Arderin Beg. A bog on the western slopes of Tonduff, the Liffey Head Bog, forms the source of the River Liffey; bogs on the southern slopes of Tonduff, forms the source of the River Dargle.

The Glencree Centre for Peace and Reconciliation is the Republic of Ireland's only Peacebuilding centre. It has been resolving conflict through the power of dialogue since its founding in 1974. Established as a response to the conflict in Northern Ireland, the Glencree Centre for Peace & Reconciliation works to prevent and transform political and inter-communal conflict and build peaceful, inclusive societies. The Glencree teams bring individuals and groups impacted by conflict together and help them find pathways to reconciliation and sustained peace through the humanising power of facilitated dialogue, relationship-building, public discourse and shared learning. The Glencree Centre is a not-for-profit organisation and registered charity, located near Enniskerry, in the Glencree Valley, County Wicklow. The Armoury Café is open on the site from Wednesday to Sunday from 9.30am to 5.30pm for light refreshments and is a popular destination for visitors, hikers and cyclists. Glencree Programme Work The Glencree Centre has a range of programmes that evolve and change with time. These include: Community and Political Dialogue, Women's Leadership, Peace Education and Young Adults, Peace IV: Addressing the Legacy of Violence Through Facilitated Dialogue, Southern Voice for Peace, Intercultural and Refugee, and International. The Glencree Site comprises a complex of historical old buildings that each played many previous roles over the last three centuries. Military Road and Glencree Barracks, the early 1800's In late 1803, five barracks were built along Military Road to ensure it would not fall into local insurgent hands or to foreign enemies. The barracks at Glencree was one of the smaller of these buildings, designed to accommodate a captain and 100 soldiers. When it was completed in 1806, it housed 75 military men. Some £26,000 had been invested in the five barracks which, like Military Road, became wholly obsolete in 1815 when the Napoleonic Wars ended. St. Kevin's Reformatory School, 1850 to 1940 In the 1850s, Ireland was recovering from the Great Famine. Poverty and deprivation were widespread, and young people and children suffered greatly. In desperation, many of them fell foul of the law. A high increase in the juvenile 'crime' of stealing food or vagrancy saw prison numbers increase leading to a public outcry. The British government responded by passing the Irish Reformatory Schools Act in 1858, extending to Ireland the system that prevailed in England. Lord Powerscourt, owner of the land at Glencree, offered a lease on the abandoned barracks. The religious order, the Oblates of Mary Immaculate, agreed to establish St. Kevin’s Reformatory on the site. The first superior, Fr. Francis Lynch, took over Glencree in 1858 and rebuilt the property to house up to 300 boys. They toiled hard to reclaim and cultivate more than 100 acres of land surrounding the Reformatory. The boys received some basic education and skills training in the school and workshops built on the site. Fr. Lynch also assembled a 50-strong brass, fife and drum band and choir that played for the local community and at competitions around the country. The reformatory closed it doors in 1940, when the staff and boys moved to Daingean Industrial School, County Offaly. The complex then served for a brief time as an Oblate novitiate before passing into the ownership of the Minister of Supply. Operation Shamrock, 1945 to 1950 In the aftermath of World War 2 until 1950, Glencree became a temporary refuge for children who were evacuated from war-torn Germany, Poland and Austria by the Irish Red Cross. While many of the children who arrived were orphaned by the war, many others were sent into this temporary foster care in Ireland by parents who faced homelessness, lack of food, and were traumatised as a consequence of the war. It is thought that close to one thousand children, aged from five to fifteen, travelled overland through mainland Europe and arrived by mail boat into Dun Laoghaire before continuing their journey by road to Glencree. The children were malnourished when they arrived, some were near death. Under the care of the French Sisters of Charity, they stayed at Glencree for a period of recuperation, rest and orientation. With health restored, they travelled onward again into the care of foster families throughout Ireland who had responded to newspaper advertisements placed by the Irish Red Cross. According to the Committee of the International Red Cross in Geneva, “The Irish people raised a sum of twelve million pounds for the victims of the second World War which is equivalent to £4 per head of the entire population of the country. That was the largest single donation from any country for post-war relief.” While the majority of the children were reunited with their families after approximately three years, some remained with their foster families and continued their lives in Ireland. Una O’Higgins O’Malley, 1927 to 2005 A lifelong campaigner for peace and justice, Una O’Higgins O’Malley was a founding member of the Glencree Centre for Peace and Reconciliation. Una’s father, Kevin O’Higgins, was Minister for Justice in the first government after partition. He was shot dead in 1927 by anti-treaty forces on his way to Mass. His own father had been shot three years previously because of his son’s political involvement. As recounted to Una by a relative of the assassin, her father’s dying words were: ‘I know who you are and I know why you have done this, but this has got to be the end of killing’. Just five months old when her father was murdered, Una dedicated her life to building relationships of trust between both traditions on this island. She believed that our security depended on the quality of those relationships, not the size and quantity of our weapons, or the strength of our tribe. Una died in 2005 after a long and happy life surrounded by family.