ALICE experiment

Saint-Genis-Pouilly (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ ʒəni puji]; Arpitan: Sant-Genés-Polyi) is a commune in the Ain department within the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of eastern France. It is located in the Pays de Gex, at the foot of the Jura Mountains. Bordering the Swiss frontier, it is part of the cross-border area of Geneva. With a population of almost 14,000 inhabitants (2019), it is the fifth most populous commune in the department of Ain.A large portion of CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics, is located within the territory of Saint-Genis-Pouilly; the ALICE experiment is located on the periphery of the town, and the French entrance to the primary CERN campus (Meyrin) and the ATLAS experiment are located only 3 km from the centre of St Genis. CERN is the world's largest fundamental physics research laboratory and its presence has largely been responsible for the development of the community of Saint Genis since the middle of the 1960s.

Sergy (French pronunciation: [sɛʁʒi]; Arpitan: Sèrgi) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France.

Pregnin is a hamlet administratively part of the Saint-Genis-Pouilly commune in the Ain département, France. It is 2.6 km (1.6 mi) from the Swiss border, and 10.4 km (6.5 mi) from downtown Geneva. It is also home Les Lutins de Pregnin, an organisation that funds local schools and organises community events.

The Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) is a particle accelerator of the synchrotron type at CERN. It is housed in a circular tunnel, 6.9 kilometres (4.3 mi) in circumference, straddling the border of France and Switzerland near Geneva, Switzerland.

The ISR (standing for "Intersecting Storage Rings") was a particle accelerator at CERN. It was the world's first hadron collider, and ran from 1971 to 1984, with a maximum center of mass energy of 62 GeV. From its initial startup, the collider itself had the capability to produce particles like the J/ψ and the upsilon, as well as observable jet structure; however, the particle detector experiments were not configured to observe events with large momentum transverse to the beamline, leaving these discoveries to be made at other experiments in the mid-1970s. Nevertheless, the construction of the ISR involved many advances in accelerator physics, including the first use of stochastic cooling, and it held the record for luminosity at a hadron collider until surpassed by the Tevatron in 2004.

The Large Electron–Positron Collider (LEP) was one of the largest particle accelerators ever constructed. It was built at CERN, a multi-national centre for research in nuclear and particle physics near Geneva, Switzerland. LEP collided electrons with positrons at energies that reached 209 GeV. It was a circular collider with a circumference of 27 kilometres built in a tunnel roughly 100 m (300 ft) underground and passing through Switzerland and France. LEP was used from 1989 until 2000. Around 2001 it was dismantled to make way for the Large Hadron Collider, which re-used the LEP tunnel. To date, LEP is the most powerful accelerator of leptons ever built.

Choully Castle is a castle in the municipality of Satigny of the Canton of Geneva in Switzerland. It is a Swiss heritage site of national significance.

The canton of Saint-Genis-Pouilly is an administrative division of the Ain department, in eastern France. It was created at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Saint-Genis-Pouilly.It consists of the following communes: Ferney-Voltaire Ornex Prévessin-Moëns Saint-Genis-Pouilly

Crozet (French pronunciation: [kʁozɛ]) is a commune in the Ain department in eastern France. Crozet is nestled at the foot of the Jura mountains in eastern France some 15 kilometres (9 mi) from the centre of the Swiss city of Geneva and approximately 150 kilometres (93 mi) from the French city of Lyon. It is also near Geneva International Airport, at a distance of some 10 kilometres (6 mi). Its chief attraction is a cable car which carries hikers to the top of the Jura during the summer and serves a small ski resort during the winter. It has several sporting clubs: the St-Genis-Ferney-Crozet sporting association (soccer), a tennis club, and a ski club. Other places of interest include the remains of the château de Rossillon, a church (reconstructed around 1830), the Crozet forest, and the Monts-Jura ski area, which runs between Crozet and the town of Lélex in the adjacent valley.

The Antiproton Decelerator (AD) is a storage ring at the CERN laboratory near Geneva. It was built from the Antiproton Collector (AC) to be a successor to the Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) and started operation in the year 2000. Antiprotons are created by impinging a proton beam from the Proton Synchrotron on a metal target. The AD decelerates the resultant antiprotons to an energy of 5.3 MeV, which are then ejected to one of several connected experiments. The major goals of experiments at AD are to spectroscopically observe the antihydrogen and to study the effects of gravity on antimatter. Though each experiment at AD has varied aims ranging from testing antimatter for cancer therapy to CPT symmetry and antigravity research.

The ISOLDE (Isotope Separator On Line DEvice) Radioactive Ion Beam Facility, is an on-line isotope separator facility located at the centre of the CERN accelerator complex on the Franco-Swiss border. Created in 1964, the ISOLDE facility started delivering radioactive ion beams (RIBs) to users in 1967. Originally located at the Synchro-Cyclotron (SC) accelerator (CERN's first ever particle accelerator), the facility has been upgraded several times most notably in 1992 when the whole facility was moved to be connected to CERN's ProtonSynchroton Booster (PSB). ISOLDE is currently the longest-running facility in operation at CERN, with continuous developments of the facility and its experiments keeping ISOLDE at the forefront of science with RIBs. ISOLDE benefits a wide range of physics communities with applications covering nuclear, atomic, molecular and solid-state physics, but also biophysics and astrophysics, as well as high-precision experiments looking for physics beyond the Standard Model. The facility is operated by the ISOLDE Collaboration, comprising CERN and sixteen (mostly) European countries. As of 2019, close to 1,000 experimentalists around the world (including all continents) are coming to ISOLDE to perform typically 50 different experiments per year.Radioactive nuclei are produced at ISOLDE by shooting a high-energy (1.4GeV) beam of protons delivered by CERN's PSB accelerator on a 20 cm thick target. Several target materials are used depending on the desired final isotopes that are requested by the experimentalists. The interaction of the proton beam with the target material produces radioactive species through spallation, fragmentation and fission reactions. They are subsequently extracted from the bulk of the target material through thermal diffusion processes by heating the target to about 2,000 °C.The cocktail of produced isotopes is ultimately filtered using one of ISOLDE's two magnetic dipole mass separators to yield the desired isobar of interest. The time required for the extraction process to occur is dictated by the nature of the desired isotope and/or that of the target material and places a lower limit on the half-life of isotopes which can be produced by this method, and is typically of the order of a few milliseconds. For an additional separation, the Resonance Ionisation Laser Ion Source (RILIS) uses lasers to ionise a particular element, which separates the radioisotopes by their atomic number. Once extracted, the isotopes are directed either to one of several low-energy nuclear physics experiments or an isotope-harvesting area. A major upgrade of the REX post-accelerator to the HIE-ISOLDE (High Intensity and Energy Upgrade) superconducting linac completed construction in 2018, allowing for the re-acceleration of radioisotopes to higher energies than previously achievable.

Chevry (French pronunciation: [ʃəvʁi]; Arpitan: Chevri) is a commune in the Ain department, in the region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, eastern France. Chevry's inhabitants are called Chevrysiens. Chevry is located between Gex and Saint-Genis-Pouilly, on the departmental highway RD984, which is the primary access to the town. It is twenty minutes from the Swiss border near Geneva. The commune also includes the villages of Veraz (to the east) and Naz-Dessous (to the north). The town has several rivers: the Great Journans, Petit Journans, the Allondon and Janvoin.