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Doctor Penfield Avenue

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Doctor Penfield Avenue (officially in French: Avenue du Docteur-Penfield) is a one-way eastbound street located in the Golden Square Mile neighbourhood of the borough of Ville-Marie in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Spanning 1.7 kilometres, it begins at Pine Avenue in the east and terminates at McDougall Avenue, to the west. Doctor Penfield Avenue is named after Dr. Wilder Penfield (1891-1976), the founder of the Montreal Neurological Institute. Located on the southern flank of Mount Royal, it passes through the heart of McGill University's campus, and features opulent Victorian homes, many now serving as foreign consulates.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Doctor Penfield Avenue (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors).

Doctor Penfield Avenue
Avenue Docteur Penfield, Montreal Ville-Marie

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N 45.5003 ° E -73.5831 °
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Avenue Docteur Penfield 1425
H3G 1Y5 Montreal, Ville-Marie
Quebec, Canada
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Golden Square Mile
Golden Square Mile

The Square Mile and also known as the Golden Square Mile (officially in French: Le Mille Carré and also known as Mille carré doré) is the nostalgic name given to an urban neighbourhood developed principally between 1850 and 1930 at the foot of Mount Royal, in the west-central section of downtown Montreal, Quebec, Canada. The name "Square Mile" has been used to refer to the area since the 1930s; prior to that, the neighborhood was known as 'New Town' or 'Uptown'. The addition of 'Golden' was coined by Montreal journalist Charlie Lazarus, and the name has connections to contemporary real-estate developments, as the historical delimitations of the Golden Square Mile overlap with Montreal's contemporary central business district. From the 1790s, the business leaders of Montreal looked beyond Old Montreal for spacious sites upon which to build their country homes. They developed the farmland of the slopes of Mount Royal north of Sherbrooke Street, creating a neighborhood notorious for its grandeur and architectural audacity. At the Square Mile's peak (1850–1930), its residents included the owners and operators of the majority of Canadian rail, shipping, timber, mining, fur and banking industries. From about 1870 to 1900, 70% of all wealth in Canada was held by this small group of approximately fifty men.By the 1930s, multiple factors led to the neighborhood's decline, including the Great Depression, the dawn of the automobile, the demand for more heat-efficient houses, and the younger generations of the families that had built these homes largely moved to Westmount. During the Quiet Revolution, some of the businesses created in Montreal, on whose fortunes the Square Mile had been built, moved to Toronto. In this period, the Square Mile evolved to gradually become the central business district, and many of grand houses were demolished. The face of the Square Mile was altered, leading to the formation of Heritage Montreal to preserve architecture in the city. By 1983, only 30% of the mansions in the northern half of the Square Mile had survived demolition; and only 5% survived south of Sherbrooke Street. Many of the remaining mansions, such as the James Ross House, today known as Chancellor Day Hall, are today owned by McGill University. Nevertheless, the mansions of the Golden Square Mile represent a prosperous period during which Montreal was the cultural and financial capital of Canada.

McIntyre Medical Sciences Building
McIntyre Medical Sciences Building

The McIntyre Medical Sciences Building is part of the McGill University campus in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. A concrete building built in 1965, it is known for its circular shape. The McIntyre Building is the central hub of the McGill University Faculty of Medicine. Its sixteen floors include classrooms, research facilities, laboratories, offices and a cafeteria. Its design, by Canadian architect Janet Leys Shaw Mactavish of the architecture firm Marshall and Merrett, is meant to reduce traffic and circulation between rooms.Its position on the sloping side of Mount Royal, and the requirement for there to be two entrances at different levels (ground and 6th floors), made it a difficult architectural design site. Its modern circular shape and design, as well as its height amidst the older buildings of the McGill campus, contributed to Montreal's image at the time of the Expo 67 World's Fair. The McIntyre Building, as it is generally known, houses, among other services and departments, the Osler Library of the History of Medicine (named after one of McGill's most famous medical graduates and professors and an icon of modern medicine William Osler) the Departments of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Biochemistry, Physiology, and Anesthesia. The Life Sciences Library, which was the successor to the McGill Medical library, founded in 1823. was moved to the Schulich Library of Science and Engineering in 2013–2014. It is part of the McGill University Life Sciences Research Complex.

1972 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts robbery
1972 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts robbery

The 1972 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts robbery, sometimes called the Skylight Caper, took place very early in the morning of September 4 of that year. Three armed robbers used a skylight under repair to gain entry to the museum from its roof, tied up the three guards on duty, and left on foot with 18 paintings, including a rare Rembrandt landscape and works by Jan Brueghel the Elder, Corot, Delacroix, Rubens, and Thomas Gainsborough, as well as some figurines and jewellery. One of the Brueghels was returned by the thieves as an initiative to start ransom negotiations. None of the other paintings has ever been recovered and the robbers have never been arrested or even publicly identified, although there is at least one informal suspect. Collectively, the missing paintings have been valued at $11.7 million in 2017 dollars; although their value may have diminished since the theft as scholars have called the attribution of some of the works into question. However, the Rembrandt alone has been valued at $1 million; in 2003 The Globe and Mail estimated it to have appreciated in value to $20 million. The thieves appeared to know what works they were looking for; many of the works had been part of Masterpieces from Montreal, a travelling exhibition that had been to many museums in the U.S. and Canada prior to Expo 67, as well as some other special exhibits put on by the museum in the preceding years. It is not only the largest art theft in Canada but the largest theft in Canadian history.Investigation of the crime proved difficult in the early going, since it occurred over the Labour Day holiday weekend, when many of the museum's officials including its director were vacationing far away from Montreal. It was further complicated by continuing news coverage of the Blue Bird Café fire, Montreal's deadliest arson, three days earlier, dominating the headlines; the next day the killings of Israeli athletes by Palestinian terrorists at the Olympics in Munich further diminished media coverage. A sting operation conceived after the thieves returned the Brueghel (later reattributed to his students) and mailed photos of the other works to the museum seeking a ransom payment went awry; a later attempt to negotiate their return cost the museum $10,000 with no results. The thieves took advantage of weakened security, resulting from the renovations at the museum, which had left the skylight's alarm disabled. The renovations and the security flaws were themselves a consequence of the museum's tightening finances, which had worsened during the 1960s as many of the wealthy Anglophone community in Montreal that had supported the museum since its founding in 1860 began to leave for Toronto due to increasing concerns over Quebec separatism, especially after terrorist acts by the Front de libération du Québec had led to martial law in the Montreal area two years earlier. Sûreté du Québec, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and Interpol continue to investigate the crime. Theories as to who might be responsible have ranged from the Montreal Mafia to Quebec separatists.

2011 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts theft

The 2011 Montreal Museum of Fine Arts theft took place in two separate incidents during September and October of that year. In both instances, the same thief took a small ancient stone piece that was openly exhibited, without a protective case, and smuggled it out of the museum. One has since been recovered; however, the thief remains unidentified and the whereabouts of the other is not known. On September 3, one day before the anniversary of the 1972 robbery of 18 paintings, a visitor took a sandstone Achaemenid Empire relief. In late October, he returned to take a Roman marble head from its pedestal. The two works were collectively valued at $1.3 million, with the relief accounting for almost all of that amount. The museum did not disclose the theft until February 2012 to avoid compromising the joint investigation by its insurance company and Sureté du Québec's art theft unit. Security camera footage allowed them to obtain a description of the thief; investigators believed he was local. A reward was offered for the return of the works. In 2013, police were led to Simon Metke, an Edmonton man who had bought the Achaemenid piece for CDN$1,400 during a visit to Montreal two years earlier, believing it to possibly be a replica, after it was seen on a wall behind him during a CBC interview unrelated to the case. The museum ultimately declined to buy it back from their insurer and it was put on the market in late 2016. Charges laid against Metke were disposed with a conditional discharge after he pled guilty to possession of stolen property. Metke's story inspired a character in Kevin Smith's 2016 film Yoga Hosers, as well as the film's title. The relief itself was later found to have been taken from Iran illegally, and returned there after being seized from a dealer's wares during a New York art fair.