Wheel of Sheffield

Sheffield is a city in South Yorkshire, England, whose name derives from the River Sheaf which runs through it. The city serves as the administrative centre of the City of Sheffield. It is historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire and some of its southern suburbs were transferred from Derbyshire to the city council. It is the largest settlement in South Yorkshire.The city is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines and the valleys of the River Don with its four tributaries: the Loxley, the Porter Brook, the Rivelin and the Sheaf. Sixty-one per cent of Sheffield's entire area is green space and a third of the city lies within the Peak District national park. There are more than 250 parks, woodlands and gardens in the city, which is estimated to contain around 4.5 million trees. The city is 29 miles (47 km) south of Leeds, 32 miles (51 km) east of Manchester, and 33 miles (53 km) north of Nottingham. Sheffield played a crucial role in the Industrial Revolution, with many significant inventions and technologies having developed in the city. In the 19th century, the city saw a huge expansion of its traditional cutlery trade, when stainless steel and crucible steel were developed locally, fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population. Sheffield received its municipal charter in 1843, becoming the City of Sheffield in 1893. International competition in iron and steel caused a decline in these industries in the 1970s and 1980s, coinciding with the collapse of coal mining in the area. The Yorkshire ridings became counties in their own right in 1889, the West Riding of Yorkshire county was disbanded in 1974. The city then became part of the county of South Yorkshire; this has been made up of separately-governed unitary authorities since 1986. The 21st century has seen extensive redevelopment in Sheffield, consistent with other British cities. Sheffield's gross value added (GVA) has increased by 60% since 1997, standing at £11.3 billion in 2015. The economy has experienced steady growth, averaging around 5% annually, which is greater than that of the broader region of Yorkshire and the Humber.Sheffield had a population of 556,500 at the 2021 census, making it the second largest city in the Yorkshire and the Humber region. The Sheffield Built-up Area, of which the Sheffield sub-division is the largest part, had a population of 685,369 also including the town of Rotherham. The district borough, governed from the city, had a population of 556,521 at the mid-2019 estimate, making it the 4th most populous district in England. It is one of eleven British cities that make up the Core Cities Group. In 2011, the unparished area had a population of 490,070.The city has a long sporting heritage and is home both to the world's oldest football club, Sheffield F.C., and the world's oldest football ground, Sandygate. Matches between the two professional clubs, Sheffield United and Sheffield Wednesday, are known as the Steel City derby. The city is also home to the World Snooker Championship and the Sheffield Steelers, the UK's first professional ice hockey team.

Seven Hills Shul (transliteration from Hebrew as "Kehillat Shivah Harim"), is a Reform Jewish community, that worships from rented premises located in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, in the United Kingdom. The congregation holds services at a local community centre and also meets in members' houses. Founded in 1989 as Sheffield & District Reform Jewish Congregation, the congregation is a member of the Movement for Reform Judaism.

Sheffield Town Hall is a municipal building on Pinstone Street in the City of Sheffield, England. The building is used by Sheffield City Council, and also contains a publicly displayed collection of silverware. It is a Grade I listed building.

Orchard Square is a small open-air court shopping centre located in Sheffield, England. It opened in 1987 and contains several stores, notably Schuh, Clarks, Waterstone's (with its own instore coffee house), Subway, The Body Shop and TK Maxx (which replaced the original food court). Orchard Square also features Sheffield Creative Guild, La Coupe hair salon, Anne Heppell, Michael Spencer Jewellers, War Games Emporium and Costa. The centrepiece of the Square is a chiming clock with moving figures that depict Sheffield's cutlery trade. To mark the centre's 21st year, Orchard Square was re-developed to facilitate the expansion of the TK Maxx to a three-level 45,000 sq ft (4,200 m2) anchor store into space formerly occupied by the Stonehouse pub. The re-development was finished in October 2008, and retailers began trading in new premises shortly before Christmas 2008.Orchard Square features a customer loyalty card called the VIP Card. Shoppers can sign up for the card by visiting the Orchard Square website, www.orchardsquare.co.uk, or by filling in one of the application forms and putting it in the collection box by the toilets near Waterstone's. The VIP card is not a points scheme - card holders simply show the card at participating stores to receive various discounts. Regular competitions are also held for VIP card holders.The Square is the site of the former works of John Brown & Co. which grew into one of the larger steel companies prior to nationalisation, with part of their later works site becoming Meadowhall Shopping Centre.

The Heart of the City was a £130 million major re-development in Sheffield, England begun in 2004, and completed in 2016 and one of the 12 official quarters of Sheffield City Centre. As its name suggests the Heart of the City is located in the heart of the city centre. Heart of the City was mainly developed by Sheffield One, an Urban Regeneration Company set up in February 2000 to facilitate the redevelopment. The Heart of the City scheme has created many new public spaces, buildings, and skyscrapers. Subsequent review found that it satisfied many of the goals for a successful city laid out in the "Sheffield First" plan.

Fargate is a pedestrian precinct and shopping area in Sheffield, England. It runs between Barker's Pool and High Street opposite the cathedral. It was pedestrianised in 1973. Fargate also holds a Continental Market approximately 4 times a year, which includes European stalls selling cheeses, confectionery, clothing, plants and crafts including jewellery and ornaments.

The Diocese of Sheffield is an administrative division of the Church of England, part of the Province of York. The Diocese of Sheffield was created under George V on 23 January 1914, by the division from the Diocese of York (along with that part of the Diocese of Southwell in the city of Sheffield). It covers most of the County of South Yorkshire (except Barnsley), with a small part of the East Riding of Yorkshire, one parish in North Yorkshire and one in North Lincolnshire – an area of almost 576 square miles (1,490 km2). It is headed by the Bishop of Sheffield and its Cathedral is Sheffield Cathedral. The diocese is linked with the Diocese of Argentina. Since 1990 it has been linked with the Evangelical Church in Germany's Hattingen-Witten District in Westphalia.

See also St Paul's Church and Centre, Norton Lees, Sheffield and Sheffield Cathedral, which is dedicated to St Peter and St Paul. St Paul's Church, Sheffield, was a chapel of ease to Sheffield Parish Church. By 1700, Sheffield's population had reached 5,000, and a second Anglican place of worship was required to house a growing congregation. A site on the southern edge of the town was selected, facing on to Pinstone Lane (later redeveloped as Pinstone Street). A public subscription was raised, and St Paul's was largely completed by 1721. The church was built in the Baroque style, with the street frontage dominated by an Italianate tower. The chapel had seating for 1,200 people. A dispute over patronage prevented the chapel from opening until 1740. Robert Downes, a local goldsmith, had paid £1,000 towards its construction and promised a further £30 a year, on condition that he and his descendants would have the right to appoint its minister. However, the Vicar of Sheffield objected that, as St Paul's was a chapel of ease to his own church, he had the right to appoint a minister. In 1739, angered by the stand-off, Downes threatened to open the building as a chapel for Dissenters. A compromise was finally reached that the Vicar would have the right to choose the minister, but that the first minister would be a relative of Downes. This required an Act of Parliament, following which, it was consecrated to Saint Paul on 22 May 1740.A John Snetzler organ was installed in 1755. A dome was added to the chapel's tower in 1769. In 1824, the church was placed in its own parish. A memorial to Reverend Alexander Mackenzie, designed by Francis Legatt Chantrey, was added around this time.Following the trend of supposed slum clearance in the 1930s, the church's congregation dwindled, and St Paul's closed in 1937. It was demolished the following year, and the St Paul's Gardens were laid out on the site, later becoming known as the Peace Gardens. The organ was removed to All Saints in Wingerworth, while the Chantrey memorial was moved to Sheffield Cathedral. Many of the remains in the burial ground were relocated to Abbey Lane Cemetery.Some of the old stone was repurposed by the contractor who demolished the church, and can still be seen in a row of houses built in suburbs west of the city.

The Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire is a trade guild of metalworkers based in Sheffield, England. It was incorporated in 1624 by an Act of Parliament. The head is called the Master Cutler. Its motto is French: Pour Y Parvenir a Bonne Foi, lit. 'To Succeed through Honest Endeavour'. In the original act of Parliament, the company was given jurisdiction over: "all persons using to make Knives, Blades, Scissers, Sheeres, Sickles, Cutlery wares and all other wares and manufacture made or wrought of yron and steele, dwelling or inhabiting within the said Lordship and Liberty of Hallamshire, or within six miles compasse of the same". This was expanded to include other trades by later acts, most notably steelmakers in 1860. In the same year the Company was given the right to veto any proposed name of a limited company anywhere in the United Kingdom which contains the word "Sheffield". It also supplies marks to approved cutlers and promotes Sheffield steelware. The company has been based at Cutlers' Hall (opposite the cathedral on Church Street) since 1638. The current hall is the third to have been built on the site. The second was built in 1725 and the third in 1832. It was extended in 1867 and 1888. It was listed a Grade II* listed building in 1973. It is used for formal functions and award ceremonies for local businesses. Members of the company are called freemen and currently number 447. The Master Cutler is elected each year from the freemen within the company. He or she also has 2 Wardens, 6 Searchers and 24 Assistants. The Company also employs a Clerk for administration and a Beadle to perform ceremonial duties. Since 1625, the Company has held an annual feast, inviting prominent people in order to showcase Sheffield's industry.The Master Cutler for 2011–12 was Pamela Liversidge, the first woman to hold this position.The Master Cutler for October 2017–2018 (the 379th) was Ken Cooke.

Cutlers' Hall is a Grade II* listed building in Sheffield, England, that is the headquarters of the Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire. It is located on Church Street, opposite Sheffield Cathedral, in Sheffield City Centre.

Church Street is situated in the centre of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, at the grid reference of SK353874. It runs for approximately 490 yards (450 m) in a westerly direction from its junction with Fargate and High Street to its termination at the crossroads formed by the junction with West Street, Leopold Street and Townhead Street. Church Street has its own Sheffield Supertram stop directly in front of the Sheffield Cathedral and it carries that name.

The Cathedral Quarter is one of Sheffield's eleven designated quarters, located around and named after the Cathedral. It is bound by Tenter Street to the Northwest, West Bar to the North, Snig Hill to the North east, Angel Street to the East, High Street and Church Street to the south and Townhead Street around its western corner. The quarter is an office and retail location, containing the Church Street shops and is the regional centre of the former Midland Bank (now HSBC) in the Pennine Centre, on the South side of Tenter Street and also contains the St James' Tower.