Paço de Arcos

These Lime Kilns (Portuguese: Fornos da Cal) were five circular kilns made of stone, dating back to the late Middle Ages, located in Paço de Arcos, Oeiras Municipality, Lisbon District, Portugal. Four have been demolished or incorporated into surrounding buildings and their gardens but one was purchased by the municipality in 1989. Archaeological work began in 1994 and the kiln was opened to the public in September 2004. The kilns are classified by the Portuguese Government as a Property of Public Interest.

The Directorate of Lighthouses in Portugal (Direção de Faróis) is responsible for managing the country's 47 lighthouses, as well as other marine navigation activities. It is headquartered in Paço de Arcos. Lighthouses have played an important role in Portugal's maritime history. Portuguese sailors launched and led the Age of Discovery, and Portuguese ships have been sailing to far parts of the world for around 600 years. It is, therefore, not surprising that lighthouses have developed along the entire length of the country's coast and that today many are highly cherished national monuments. Since 1892, the Portuguese Navy has been responsible for maintaining the lighthouse network on the coast of Portugal. This is the responsibility of its Directorate of Lighthouses, which is a part of the National Maritime Authority (Autoridade Marítima Nacional). The Directorate was founded in 1924 and is a member of the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities. Its mission includes: Supporting, training and ensuring the technical and professional conduct of lighthouse keepers; Inspecting technical compliance, operation and maintenance of navigation aids; Installing, operating and maintaining aids for navigation (with the exception of inside ports); Ensuring the uniformity of aids to navigation, in accordance with international recommendations; Studying and proposing the creation of maritime signalling easement zones; Maintaining, preserving and repairing coastal lighthouse infrastructure; Managing the MMSIs (Maritime Mobile Service Identities) used in maritime signalling equipment.The Directorate has a staff of 104, including military and civilians. It has the same number of lighthouse keepers, of which 60 cover the 28 lighthouses of the mainland, 34 the 15 lighthouses of the Azores and 10 the 4 lighthouses of Madeira. Its headquarters are at Paço de Arcos, near Lisbon and there are four Differential GPS Control Stations, at Cabo Carvoeiro Lighthouse, Peniche and the Sagres Lighthouse on the mainland and at Horta in the Azores and at Porto Santo on Madeira. Twenty-eight of the lighthouses and a small museum at the headquarters can be visited, on Wednesday afternoons. There is another museum at the Santa Marta Lighthouse in Cascais, which is open all days except Monday.

The Fort of Giribita, also referred to as the Fort of Our Lady of Porto Salvo and the Fort of Ponta do Guincho, is located on the right bank of the Tagus estuary, in the municipality of Oeiras, District of Lisbon, in Portugal. It was completed in 1649 during the Portuguese Restoration War (1640-1668), as part of the fortifications of Lisbon that stretched from Cabo da Roca on the Atlantic coast to Belém Tower close to Lisbon. It could exchange crossfire with the Fort of São Bruno to its east.

Oeiras e São Julião da Barra (Portuguese pronunciation: [oˈɐjɾɐz‿i sɐ̃w̃ ʒuliˈɐ̃w̃ dɐ ˈbaʁɐ]) was a former civil parish in the municipality of Oeiras, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos e Caxias.

Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos e Caxias is a civil parish in the municipality of Oeiras, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos and Caxias. The population in 2011 was 33 827, in an area of 6.5 km².

Caxias is a former civil parish in the municipality of Oeiras, Portugal. In 2013, the parish merged into the new parish Oeiras e São Julião da Barra, Paço de Arcos e Caxias. The population in 2011 was 9,007, in an area of 3.41 km².

The Fort of São Bruno is situated on the estuary of the River Tagus in Caxias, Oeiras municipality, near Lisbon in Portugal. It was built in 1647 and became operational in 1649 as part of the construction of a line of forts to control access to Lisbon, which stretched from Cabo da Roca on the Atlantic coast to the Belém Tower near Lisbon. The fort is well preserved, following its original design, and is considered one of the most attractive examples of maritime military architecture on the Portuguese coast. It presently serves as the headquarters of the Associação Portuguesa dos Amigos dos Castelos (Portuguese association of friends of castles).

The Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC) is an international centre for biological and biomedical research and graduate training based in Oeiras, Portugal. Founded by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation (FCG) in 1961, and still supported by the Foundation, the IGC is organised in small independent research groups that work in an environment designed to encourage interactions with minimal hierarchical structure. The scientific programme covers a wide range of domains and is at the interface of different disciplines. These include cell and developmental biology, evolutionary biology, immunology and host-pathogen interaction, plant biology, sociobiology, computational biology and biophysics.All resources are at the disposal of all IGC scientists equally, and common services and equipment are also open to external users.The IGC hosts a number of graduate education and training programmes. Since 1993 the IGC runs innovative PhD programmes, directed towards intellectual breadth, creativity and independent scientific thought. Also, the IGC has a strong tradition in promoting science in society with dedicated outreach programmes. Around 400 people, including 300 researchers (students, postdocs, technicians and group leaders), from 41 different countries work at the IGC. Since 1998, 88 research groups have already settled in the institute. Of these, 44 went to other institutions, mainly other research centres and universities in Portugal. In 1998, under the Directorship of António Coutinho, the IGC was restructured into the current set-up and mode of action. Jonathan Howard succeeded Coutinho as Director of the IGC from October 2012 until January 2018. Since 1 February 2018, Mónica Bettencourt-Dias is the Director of the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência.

Oeiras (Portuguese pronunciation: [oˈɐjɾɐʃ] (listen)) is a town and municipality in the western part of Lisbon metropolitan area, located within the Portuguese Riviera, in continental Portugal. The municipality is part of the urban agglomeration of Lisbon and the town of Oeiras is about 16 km from Lisbon downtown. The population in 2011 was 172,120 living in an area of 45.88 km2, making the municipality the fifth-most densely populated in Portugal. Oeiras is an important economic hub, being one of the most highly developed municipalities of Portugal and Europe. It has the highest GDP per capita in the country, being also the second highest-ranking municipality (immediately after Lisbon) in terms of purchasing power as well as the second highest-ranking in the country as far as tax collection is concerned. These economic indicators also reflect the education level of its inhabitants, as Oeiras is the municipality with the highest concentration of population by tertiary education attainment in the country, their entrepreneurial prowess and the economically liberal mindset of Oeiras' society in general. It also has the lowest unemployment rate in the Lisbon area.

The Gibalta Lighthouse (Portuguese: Farol da Gibalta) is an active Portuguese lighthouse located at Oeiras, about 10 km west of the centre of Lisbon. It is a white cylindrical tower with dome and red veins, with illumination being supplied by a red fluorescent light. It was rebuilt in 1954 following a landslide which destroyed the old light and killed ten people on a passing train.

The Gibalta rail accident occurred on 31 March 1952, on the Linha de Cascais (Cascais line) in Portugal. It was a derailment due to landslides caused by adverse weather conditions and the bad conservation status of the surrounding land. The accident resulted in 10 dead and 38 injured.

The Fort of King Luís I (Forte D. Luís I), also referred to as the Fort of Caxias (Forte de Caxias) and the Fort-prison of Caxias (Forte-prisão de Caxias), is located in the parish of Caxias, in the municipality of Oeiras in the Lisbon district of Portugal. It presently functions as a prison. Built between 1879 and 1886 it was intended as one of a number of forts, known as the Campo Entrincheirado of Lisbon, that formed a defensive perimeter that followed the boundaries of Lisbon at the time. It consisted of two separate strongholds, the north and the south. Originally called the Fort of Caxias, it was renamed as the Fort of King Luís I in 1901 in honour of the king who died in 1889.The fort was first used as a prison in 1916 when a group of soldiers who mutinied were arrested. In 1917 it was used to house construction workers who had gone on strike and in the same year telegraph workers on strike were also held there. From 1935 the southern part of the fort was used by the Estado Novo dictatorship as a political prison, which included torture chambers, and this continued until Portugal’s Carnation Revolution, when its doors were opened on April 25, 1974. It was subsequently used briefly to detain right-wing politicians. The fort was transferred to Portugal’s Prison Service in December 1988.Although the fort was not generally used by the Estado Novo to accommodate the communist party’s top leaders, who were mainly held in the Peniche Fortress, it did witness a mass escape on 4 December 1961 when eight communist party members were able to escape in an armoured car, which they succeeded in smashing through the main gate. The driver had taken a long time gaining the confidence of the guards by convincing them that he had rejected communism and was now on their side. In this way he was able to gain access to the vehicle, which was normally used for President Salazar.