Sanaa

Yemen ( (listen); Arabic: ٱلْيَمَن, romanized: al-Yaman), officially the Republic of Yemen, is a country in Western Asia with a tiny portion in East Africa. It is situated on the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, and borders Saudi Arabia to the north and Oman to the northeast and shares maritime borders with Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia. Yemen is the second-largest Arab sovereign state in the Arabian Peninsula, occupying 555,000 square kilometres (214,000 square miles), with a coastline stretching about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 miles). Its constitutionally stated capital, and largest city, is Sanaa. As of 2021, Yemen has an estimated population of 30.4 million. In ancient times, Yemen was the home of the Sabaeans, a trading state that included parts of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea. Later in 275 AD, the Himyarite Kingdom was influenced by Judaism. Christianity arrived in the fourth century. Islam spread quickly in the seventh century and Yemenite troops were crucial in the early Islamic conquests. Several dynasties emerged in the 9th to 16th centuries, such as the Rasulid dynasty. The country was divided between the Ottoman and British empires in the 1800s. The Zaydi Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen was established after World War I before the creation of the Yemen Arab Republic in 1962. South Yemen remained a British protectorate as the Aden Protectorate until 1967 when it became an independent state and later, a Marxist-Leninist state. The two Yemeni states united to form the modern Republic of Yemen (al-Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah) in 1990. President Ali Abdullah Saleh was the first president of the new republic until his resignation in 2012 in the wake of the Arab Spring.Since 2011, Yemen has been in a state of political crisis starting with street protests against poverty, unemployment, corruption, and president Saleh's plan to amend Yemen's constitution and eliminate the presidential term limit. President Saleh stepped down and the powers of the presidency were transferred to Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. Since then, the country has been in a civil war (alongside the Saudi Arabian-led military intervention aimed at restoring Hadi's government against Iran-backed Houthi rebels) with several proto-state entities claiming to govern Yemen: the government of President Hadi which became the Presidential Leadership Council in 2022, the Houthi movement's Supreme Political Council, and the separatist Southern Movement's Southern Transitional Council. At least 56,000 civilians and combatants have been killed in armed violence in Yemen since January 2016. The war has resulted in a famine affecting 17 million people. The lack of safe drinking water, caused by depleted aquifers and the destruction of the country's water infrastructure, has also caused the largest, fastest-spreading cholera outbreak in modern history, with the number of suspected cases exceeding 994,751. Over 2,226 people have died since the outbreak began to spread rapidly at the end of April 2017. The ongoing humanitarian crisis and conflict has received widespread criticism for having a dramatic worsening effect on Yemen's humanitarian situation, that some say has reached the level of a "humanitarian disaster" and some have even labelled it as a genocide. It has worsened the country's already-poor human rights situation. Yemen is a member of the Arab League, the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. It belongs to the least developed country group, referring to its numerous "severe structural impediments to sustainable development", and has been the poorest country in the MENA region in recent history. In 2019, the United Nations reported that Yemen is the country with the most people in need of humanitarian aid, about 24 million people, or 85% of its population. As of 2020, the country is placed the highest in the Fragile State Index, the second worst in the Global Hunger Index, surpassed only by the Central African Republic, and has the lowest Human Development Index out of all non-African countries.

The Central Bank of Yemen (Arabic: البنك المركزي اليمني) is the central bank of Yemen. The Bank is engaged in developing policies to promote financial inclusion and is a member of the Alliance for Financial Inclusion.The Central Bank of North Yemen was established in 1971 and the Central Bank of South Yemen in 1972. When the northern and southern sectors of Yemen reunited on 22 May 1990, the Central Bank of Yemen (of the north) merged with the Bank of Yemen (of the south) under the original name of “Central Bank of Yemen”.

Sultan Palace Hotel is a hotel in Sana'a, Yemen. Founded in 1987, the hotel is located in one of the oldest buildings in the old part of Sana'a city and is nearly 400 years old.

The National Library of Yemen is the national library of Yemen, located in central Sana'a. It is located near the Al-Tahrir Square and the Yemen Military Museum. It has an extensive collection of books in French and in English about Yemen.

The Yemen Military Museum or The Military Museum (Arabic: المتحف الحربي) is a museum in central Sana'a, Yemen. It is located on the southwestern corner of the Al-Tahrir Square, next to the National Library of Yemen. It has a wide range of artifacts from ancient artifacts to items during the British occupation and subsequent revolution.

Al-Tahrir Square, also Al-Tahreer Square or Tahreer Square is a square in central Sanaʽa, Yemen. It is located west of the Abbas Mosque and the Sultan Palace Hotel, south of the National Museum of Yemen and north of the Yemen Military Museum. Protests took place here during the 2011 Yemeni uprising, involving clashes between supporters of President Saleh and his detractors. Tawakel Karman, awarded the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize, made her headquarters a tent pitched at the Square, where she has led weekly Tuesday protests since 2007. The square was a focal point of the 2014 Yemen protests as part of the Houthi rebellion. On 9 October 2014, a suicide bomb tore through Tahrir Square while Houthis were preparing for a rally. The attack killed 47 people and wounded 75, and has been blamed on al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula.The square has been used by Houthis for public executions.

The Mosque of the Dome of the Mahdi or Al-Mahdi Mosque (Arabic: جامع قبة المهدي) is one of the historical mosques in the historic old city of Sana'a, Yemen. It forms a part of UNESCO World Heritage Site Old City of Sana'a. It is located in the Al-Kareem Al-Mahdi neighborhood in the western Sarar district. It was built in 1651 by the order of Imam Mahdi Abbas bin Mansour. The tomb was built after the death of Imam Mahdi Abbas in 1768.

North Yemen (Arabic: اليمن الشمالي, romanized: al-Yaman al-šamāliyya) is a term used to describe the Kingdom of Yemen (1918-1962), the Yemen Arab Republic (1962-1990), and the regimes that preceded them and exercised sovereignty over that region of Yemen. Its capital was Sanaa from 1918 to 1948 and again from 1962 to 1990. Located in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula, the area of the region is 195,000 square kilometers, it used to have a population of about thirteen million people prior to the Yemeni unification. It was bordered to the north by Saudi Arabia, to the south and east by South Yemen, to the west by the Red Sea, and to Bab al-Mandab in the southwest. North Yemen was admitted to the United Nations on September 30, 1947. In 1962, the country fought a bloody civil war that ended with the abolition of the monarchy and the creation of a republic in 1970. It was one of the predecessor states of the Republic of Yemen, alongside South Yemen, until its eventual unification.

The Yemen Arab Republic (YAR; Arabic: الجمهورية العربية اليمنية al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Yamanīyah), also known simply as North Yemen or Yemen (Sanaʽa), was a country from 1962 to 1990 in the northwestern part of what is now Yemen. Its capital was at Sanaa. It united with the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (commonly known as South Yemen) on 22 May 1990 to form the current Republic of Yemen.

On 7 January 2015, a car bomb was detonated in front of a police academy in the Yemeni capital Sana'a, killing at least 38 people and injuring more than 60 others. This was the third major attack in the country in less than a month, after the deadliest attack in the country during 2014, as well as the second major bombing in less than a month, after the 2014 Rada' bombings and the 2014 Ibb bombing.The attack took place on the same day as the Charlie Hebdo shooting in Paris, France, which was also allegedly carried out by Yemeni al-Qaeda.

The Yemeni ambassador in Beijing is the official representative of the Government in Aden to the Government of the China with coaccredition in Pyongyang and Hanoi.

The siege of Sana'a took place when the Sasanian under military officer Vahrez besieged the Aksumite city of Sana'a in 570.