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MAX IV Laboratory

2016 establishments in SwedenBuildings and structures completed in 2016Buildings and structures in LundLaboratories in SwedenLund University
Summer solsticeSynchrotron radiation facilities
Max IV–flygbild 06 september 2014 2
Max IV–flygbild 06 september 2014 2

MAX IV is a next-generation synchrotron radiation facility in Lund, Sweden. Its design and planning has been carried out within the Swedish national laboratory, MAX-lab, which up until 2015 operated three storage rings for synchrotron radiation research: MAX I (550 MeV, opened 1986), MAX II (1,5 GeV, opened 1997) and MAX III (700 MeV, opened 2008). MAX-lab supported about 1000 users from over 30 countries annually. The facility operated 14 beamlines with a total of 19 independent experimental stations, supporting a wide range of experimental techniques such as macromolecular crystallography, electron spectroscopy, nanolithography and production of tagged photons for photo-nuclear experiments. The facility closed on 13 December (St Lucia dagen) 2015 in preparation for MAX IV. On 27 April 2009 the Swedish Ministry of Education and Research, Swedish Research Council, Lund University, Region Skåne and Vinnova, a Swedish government funding agency, decided to fund the research center.The new laboratories, including two storage rings and a full-energy linac is situated in Brunnshög in Lund North East. The inauguration of MAX IV took place 21 June 2016, on the day of summer solstice. The larger of the two storage rings has a circumference of 528 meters, operates at 3 GeV energy, and has been optimized for high-brightness x-rays. The smaller storage ring (circumference 96 meters) is operated at 1.5 GeV energy and has been optimized for UV. There are also plans for a future expansion of the facility that would add a free-electron laser (FEL) to the facility, but is yet to be funded.There are currently 16 beamlines at the facility with 10 of them located around the 3 GeV ring, 5 around the 1.5 GeV ring and one at the linear accelerator.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article MAX IV Laboratory (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

MAX IV Laboratory
Fotongatan, Lund Municipality

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N 55.727 ° E 13.233 °
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MAX IV

Fotongatan
224 79 Lund Municipality (Öster)
Sweden
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maxlab.lu.se

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Max IV–flygbild 06 september 2014 2
Max IV–flygbild 06 september 2014 2
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European Spallation Source
European Spallation Source

The European Spallation Source ERIC (ESS) is a multi-disciplinary research facility currently under construction. The ESS is currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, while its Data Management and Software Centre (DMSC) is situated in Copenhagen, Denmark. The 13 European member countries are partners in the construction and operation of ESS. ESS is scheduled to begin its scientific user program in 2023, with the construction phase set to be completed by 2025. ESS will enable scientists to observe and understand basic atomic structures and forces, which is not achievable with other neutron sources in terms of lengths and time scales. The research facility is located close to the Max IV Laboratory, which conducts synchotron radiation research. The construction of the facility began in the summer of 2014 and the first science results are planned for 2023. During the operation, ESS will use nuclear spallation, a process in which neutrons are liberated from heavy elements by high energy protons. This is intrinsically a much safer process than uranium fission. This facility was an example of a "long pulse" source (milli-seconds). The facility consists of a linear accelerator in which protons are accelerated and collide with a rotating, helium-cooled tungsten target, generating intense pulses of neutrons. Surrounding the tungsten are baths of cryogenic hydrogen which feed neutron supermirror guides. The operation is similar way to optical fibres, directing the intense beams of neutrons to experimental stations, where research is performed on a range of materials. Neutron scattering can be applied to a range of scientific explorations in physics, chemistry, geology, biology, and medicine. Neutrons serve as a unique probe for revealing the structure and function of matter from the microscopic down to the atomic scale, with the potential for development of new materials and processes. During the construction, ESS became a European Research Infrastructure Consortium, or ERIC, on 1 October 2015. The European Investment Bank made a €50 million investment in European Spallation Source. This investment is supported by InnovFin-EU Finance for Innovators, an initiative established by the EIB Group in collaboration with the European Commission under Horizon 2020, the EU's research and innovation program.