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Raetia

10s establishments10s establishments in the Roman Empire15 establishments470s disestablishments in the Roman Empire476 disestablishments
Ancient SwitzerlandHistory of SwabiaHistory of VorarlbergProvinces of the Roman EmpireRaetiaStates and territories disestablished in the 5th centuryStates and territories established in the 1st century BC
Roman Empire Raetia (125 AD)
Roman Empire Raetia (125 AD)

Raetia ( REE-sh(ee-)ə; Latin: [ˈrae̯tɪ.a]; also spelled Rhaetia) was a province of the Roman Empire, named after the Rhaetian people. It bordered on the west with the country of the Helvetii, on the east with Noricum, on the north with Vindelicia, on the south-west with Transalpine Gaul and on the south with Venetia et Histria, a region of Roman Italy. It thus comprised the districts occupied in modern times by eastern and central Switzerland (containing the Upper Rhine and Lake Constance), southern Germany (Bavaria and most of Baden-Württemberg), Vorarlberg and the greater part of Tyrol in Austria, and part of northern Lombardy in Italy. The region of Vindelicia (today eastern Württemberg and western Bavaria) was annexed to the province at a later date than the others. The northern border of Raetia during the reigns of emperors Augustus and Tiberius was the River Danube. Later the Limes Germanicus marked the northern boundary, stretching for 166 km north of the Danube. Raetia linked to Italy across the Alps over the Reschen Pass, by the Via Claudia Augusta. The capital of the province was Augusta Vindelicorum, present-day Augsburg in southern Germany. The Mandarin Chinese name for Switzerland, 瑞士 (Ruìshì in pinyin) is a homonym of Raetia.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Raetia (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Raetia
Felsenstrasse, Zurich Kreis 8

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N 47.36 ° E 8.56 °
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Felsenstrasse 4
8008 Zurich, Kreis 8
Zurich, Switzerland
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Roman Empire Raetia (125 AD)
Roman Empire Raetia (125 AD)
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Zürichberg Tunnel
Zürichberg Tunnel

The Zürichberg Tunnel (German: Zürichbergtunnel) is a railway tunnel in the Swiss city of Zürich. The tunnel runs from a junction with the Lake Zürich right bank line at Zürich Stadelhofen station, to Stettbach railway station. It passes under the Zürichberg range of hills that separates Zürich city centre from the Glattal region. The tunnel incorporated a set of underground platforms at Stettbach station, and carries twin standard gauge (1,435 mm or 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) tracks electrified at 15 kV AC 16,7 Hz using overhead line.The tunnel is principally used by suburban trains of the Zürich S-Bahn, but occasional use is also made by postal trains, freight trains, and long-distance passenger trains. The tunnel was opened in 1990 as part of a program of major changes to the railway geography of this part of Zürich. Prior to these changes, Zürich Hauptbahnhof was a west-facing terminal station that required through trains to reverse in its platforms. Trains to and from the Lake Zürich right bank line had to traverse a 5 km (3.1 mi) long 270° curve to reach Stadelhofen station, whilst trains to and from the north and east were forced to use a rather indirect route through Zürich Oerlikon station. To improve these routings and allow the introduction of cross-city S-Bahn trains, the Hirschengraben Tunnel was constructed, taking a 2 km (1.2 mi) long direct route from new low-level platforms at Hauptbahnhof to Stadelhofen. At the same time the Zürichberg Tunnel was constructed from Stadelhofen to Stettbach, where a new station was constructed. To the east of Stettbach new links were constructed, linking to the Zürich to Winterthur line at Dietlikon station, and to the Wallisellen to Rapperswil line at Dübendorf station, thus allowing trains to take a direct route to and from the east and north of Zürich.In 2014, the routing via Hirschengraben and Zürichberg tunnels was supplemented by the Weinberg Tunnel, which links a further set of low-level platforms at Hauptbahnhof via an eastbound route to Oerlikon station, as part of the Durchmesserlinie Zürich. Unlike its 1990 equivalent, this routing is intended for use by long distance passenger trains as well as the S-Bahn.