Sufa, Sinai

Avshalom (Hebrew: אבשלום) was an Israeli settlement in the Sinai Peninsula.

The Battle of Rafah was a military engagement between the Israel Defense Forces and the Egyptian Army in the final stage of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was fought on January 3–8, 1949, just south of Rafah, today in the Gaza Strip. The battle was initiated by Israel as part of Operation Horev, on the backdrop of the Sinai battles just before. The Israelis were hoping to encircle all Egyptian forces in Palestine and drive them back to Egypt. The Golani and Harel brigades were allocated for the attack, with the 8th Brigade serving as the operational reserve and the Negev Brigade staging diversions. While the Israelis had great trouble to advance in their individual assaults, eventually a battalion-sized force managed to take a position on the road from Rafah to the Sinai Peninsula, effectively surrounding the Egyptian expeditionary force. However, by this time the Egyptians agreed to negotiate armistice and the Israeli political echelon therefore ordered all troops back. The battle of Rafah was the last major combat operation in the war and was followed by the armistice agreements with Egypt.

Netiv HaAsara (Hebrew: נְתִיב הָעֲשָׂרָה, lit. Path of the Ten) was a moshav and Israeli settlement in the Sinai Peninsula. Located near Yamit, it was founded in 1973 and was named for ten soldiers that were killed in a helicopter accident south of Rafah in 1971. After the moshav was evacuated as part of the Camp David Accords, 70 families who had previously lived in the settlement founded a new moshav, also called Netiv HaAsara in the north-western Negev desert in Israel.

Yamit (Hebrew: ימית) was an Israeli settlement in the northern part of the Sinai Peninsula with a population of about 2,500 people. Yamit was established during Israel's occupation of the peninsula from the end of the 1967 Six-Day War until that part of the Sinai was handed over to Egypt in April 1982, as part of the terms of the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty. Prior to the return of the land to Egypt, all the homes were evacuated and bulldozed.

The Battle of Rafa, also known as the Action of Rafah, fought on 9 January 1917, was the third and final battle to complete the recapture of the Sinai Peninsula by British forces during the Sinai and Palestine campaign of the First World War. The Desert Column of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) attacked an entrenched Ottoman Army garrison at El Magruntein to the south of Rafah, close to the frontier between the Sultanate of Egypt and the Ottoman Empire, to the north and east of Sheikh Zowaiid. The attack marked the beginning of fighting in the Ottoman territory of Palestine. After the British Empire victories at the Battle of Romani in August 1916 and the Battle of Magdhaba in December, the Ottoman Army had been forced back to the southern edge of Palestine as the EEF pushed eastwards supported by extended lines of communication. This advance depended on the construction of a railway and a water pipeline. With the railway reaching El Arish on 4 January 1917, an attack on Rafa by the newly-formed Desert Column became possible. During the day-long assault, the Ottoman garrison defended El Magruntein's series of fortified redoubts and trenches on rising ground surrounded by flat grassland. They were eventually encircled by Australian Light Horsemen, New Zealand mounted riflemen, mounted yeomanry, cameliers and armoured cars. In the late afternoon, the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade captured the central redoubt and the remaining defences were occupied shortly afterwards.

Hatzer Adar (Hebrew: חצר אדר, lit. Maple Garden) was an Israeli settlement and moshav in the Sinai Peninsula. Located near Yamit, it was evacuated in 1982 as a result of the Camp David Accords.In the northeast Sinai, 12 kilometers from the moshav Neot Sinai, next to the junction Haruvit. It was one of the settlements of Hevel Yamit and was established in December 1981, by the movement to stop the withdrawal from Sinai about six months before the IDF withdrew from Sinai. Adar]] Biblical court. The moshav was established by a group of settlers from Judea and Samaria and other places, who welcomed the government's intention to hand over the opening of Rafah and Sinai to Egypt, as agreed in the peace agreement between Israel to Egypt Peace Treaty. It was the youngest settlement among the Sinai settlements. On December 24, 1981, a Torah scroll was brought to the synagogue.The secretary of the moshav was Yigal Kirshenzaft, who was previously a resident of the city Yamit and was sent on a mission by the rabbi of the city yeshiva Israel Ariel. Among the residents of the moshav was also Baruch Marzel, who was entrusted with maintaining wireless contact with those who opposed the evacuation by sea and updating the residents on military operations. The coordinator of the settlement was Michael Ben Horin. The moshav was evacuated by the IDF for the first time on March 3, 1982, in one of the most difficult evacuation operations the IDF has known in Sinai. On the day of the evacuation, MK Yuval Ne'eman of the Tehiya movement, who opposed the withdrawal, was present in the Hatzer Adar. On the evening of that day, Ne'eman warned on the broadcast of Mabat on Channel One television that "if things continue as they were this morning in the Hatzer Adar, we are very close to bloodshed." He described dragging people into barbed wire, injuring them and using axes, and warned the government Begin not to shed Jewish blood. The moshav Hatzer Adar was in the Yamit Region and followed the other settlements in the region: Yamit, Atzmona, Nativ Haasara, Sadot, Dekla, Pri-El, Pri Gan, Telmei Yosef, Ugda, Nir Avraham, Neot Sinai, Harovit, Sufa, Avshalom and Holit.On March 11, 1982, at 6:00 a.m., a group of about 50 settlers, along with Geula Cohen and Rabbi Israel Ariel, arrived to re-establish the settlement, in which one hut remained. At noon, the army evacuated the settlers. After the second evacuation, in a demonstration in Jerusalem of opponents of the withdrawal from Sinai on March 16, 1982, Rabbi Isser Klonsky, a neighborhood rabbi, promised that the Hatzer Adar would be established again. The settlers established Hatzer Adar III, Hatzer Adar IV and finally Hatzer Adar V. They were all evacuated one by one. Hadar Adar was one of the four localities where there was a concentration of opponents of the withdrawal.

Talmei Yosef (Hebrew: תלמי יוסף, lit. Yosef Furrows) was an Israeli settlement and moshav in the Sinai Peninsula. Located near Yamit, it was evacuated in 1982 as a result of the Camp David Accords. The moshav was established in 1977 by a gar'in group of immigrants from South Africa and the United States. It was named after Yosef Weitz, a former director of the Land and Afforestation Department of the Jewish National Fund. When the settlement was evacuated, its residents founded a new moshav by the same name in the Hevel Shalom area in Israel, close to the Egypt–Gaza border.

Rafah (Arabic: رفح, IPA: [ˈɾɑfɑħ]) is a city in North Sinai and Egypt's eastern border with the Gaza Strip. It is the capital of Rafah center in North Sinai Governorate, and is situated on the eastern Mediterranean coast of Egypt. Rafah is the site of the Rafah Border Crossing, the sole crossing point between Egypt and the Gaza Strip. The Egyptian government announced in early 2015 that it would raze the entire city and build a new settlement for its residents, in order to expand a security buffer between Egypt and Gaza Strip. The Egyptian military reportedly began bulldozing sections of Rafah in late 2014.

Canada Camp was a Palestinian refugee camp in the northern Sinai near Rafah, formed in 1972 and evacuated in 2000. The Camp was named after the Canadian contingent of the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF I), which formerly had a camp at the location. Most refugees were relocated to Tel al-Sultan in southern Gaza.

On 23 January 2008, Hamas militants in the Gaza Strip set off an explosion near the Rafah border crossing, destroying part of the 2003 wall. The United Nations estimates that as many as half the 1.5 million population of the Gaza Strip crossed the border into Egypt seeking food and supplies. Due to fears that militants would acquire weapons in Egypt, Israeli police went on increased alert.Egypt had closed the Rafah border crossing in June 2007, days before the Hamas took control of Gaza at the end of the Fatah-Hamas conflict; The breach followed a blockade of the Gaza Strip by Israel beginning in part that same June, with fuel supply reductions in October 2007. A total blockade had begun on 17 January 2008 following a rise in rocket attacks on Israel emanating from Gaza.Although Israel demanded Egypt reseal the border due to security concerns, Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak ordered his troops to allow crossings to alleviate the humanitarian crisis, while verifying that the Gazans did not attempt to bring weapons back into Gaza. In five days, Gazans spent some US$250 million in the North Sinai Governorate's capital of Arish alone. The sudden enormous demand there for staple products led to large local price rises and some shortages. On 24 January, the United Nations Human Rights Council condemned Israel for the fifteenth time in less than two years, calling the blockade collective punishment. However, the proceedings were boycotted by Israel and the United States. On 27 January, Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert promised that Israel would no longer disrupt the supply of food, medicine and necessary energy into the Gaza Strip. Meanwhile, President Mubarak announced plans to meet separately with representatives of Hamas and Fatah in order to come to a new border control agreement.On 3 February, Gaza's Foreign minister, Mahmoud al-Zahar, announced that Hamas and Egypt would cooperate in controlling the border without Israeli control, "perhaps jointly with Abbas". Abbas' Government said that Egypt had agreed to restore the 2005 border agreement giving Abbas control over the Rafah crossing, but excluding Hamas. Israel, on the other hand resisted Abbas' control of any crossing point. The border was closed—except to travelers returning home—eleven days after the breach.

Rafah (Arabic: رفح Rafaḥ [rafaħ]; Hebrew: רָפִיחַ Rafiaḥ [ʁaˈfi.aχ]) is a Palestinian city in the southern Gaza Strip; it is the capital of the Rafah Governorate of the State of Palestine, located 30 kilometers (19 mi) south-west of Gaza City. In 2017, Rafah had a population of 171,889. As a result of massive bombardment and ground assaults in Gaza City and Khan Yunis by Israel, about 1 million people are believed to be sheltering in Rafah.When Israel withdrew from the Sinai in 1982, Rafah was split into a Gazan part and an Egyptian part, dividing families, separated by barbed-wire barriers. The core of the city was destroyed by Israel and Egypt to create a large buffer zone. Rafah is the site of the Rafah Border Crossing, the sole crossing point between Egypt and the State of Palestine. Gaza's only airport, Yasser Arafat International Airport, was located just south of the city. The airport operated from 1998 to 2001, until it was bombed and bulldozed by the Israeli military (IDF) after the killing of Israeli soldiers by members of Hamas. Tunnels under the city are used for smuggling activity between Egypt and Gaza.

Rafah Camp (Arabic: مخيم رفح or معسكر رفح) is one of eight Palestinian refugee camps in the Gaza Strip. It is located in the Rafah Governorate along the Gaza–Egypt border. It was established in 1949 and currently forms part of the city of Rafah. During the period of its establishment, it was the largest refugee camp in the Gaza Strip; however its population has decreased due to migration to the Tall as-Sultan camp, an extension of Rafah camp, which was set up to absorb refugees repatriated from Canada Camp. According to the UNRWA, the camp has a population of 99,000 inhabitants, This figure includes (in contrast to PCBS census data) Tall as-Sultan. The Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics 2017 census listed 36,550 residents in the camp. The camp is the second largest refugee camp in Palestine. There are 31 schools (20 primary, 11 secondary) run by the UNRWA.