Hogansburg, New York

St. Regis Mohawk Reservation (French: Réserve Mohawk Saint-Régis; Mohawk: Ahkwesáhsne) is a Mohawk Indian reservation of the federally recognized tribe the St. Regis Mohawk Tribe, located in Franklin County, New York, United States. It is also known by its Mohawk name, Akwesasne. The population was 3,288 at the 2010 census. The reservation is adjacent to the Akwesasne reserve in Ontario (Akwesasne 59) and Quebec (Akwesasne 15) across the St. Lawrence River. The Mohawk consider the entire community to be one unit and have the right to travel freely across the international border.

British North America comprised the colonial territories of the British Empire in North America from 1783 onwards. English colonisation of North America began in the 16th century in Newfoundland, then further south at Roanoke and Jamestown, Virginia, and more substantially with the founding of the Thirteen Colonies along the Atlantic coast of North America. The British Empire's colonial territories in North America were greatly expanded in connection with the Treaty of Paris (1763), which formally concluded the Seven Years' War, referred to by the English colonies in North America as the French and Indian War, and by the French colonies as la Guerre de la Conquête. With the ultimate acquisition of most of New France (Nouvelle-France), British territory in North America was more than doubled in size, and the exclusion of France also dramatically altered the political landscape of the continent. The term British America was used to refer to the British Empire's colonial territories in North America prior to the United States Declaration of Independence, most famously in the 1774 address of Thomas Jefferson to the First Continental Congress entitled: A Summary View of the Rights of British America.The term British North America was initially used following the subsequent 1783 Treaty of Paris, which concluded the American Revolutionary War and confirmed the independence of Great Britain's Thirteen Colonies that formed the United States of America. The terms British America and British North America continued to be used for Britain's remaining territories in North America, but the term British North America came to be used more consistently in connection with the provinces that would eventually form the Dominion of Canada, following the Report on the Affairs of British North America (1839), called the Durham Report.The Dominion of Canada was formed under the British North America (BNA) Act, 1867, also referred to as the Constitution Act, 1867. Following royal assent of the BNA Act, three of the provinces of British North America (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, and the Province of Canada (which would become the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec)) joined to form "One Dominion under the Crown of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with a Constitution similar in Principle to that of the United Kingdom," on July 1, 1867, the date of Canadian Confederation.The Atlantic island of Bermuda (originally administered by the Virginia Company and, with The Bahamas, considered with North America prior to 1783), was grouped with the Maritime provinces from 1783 until formation of the Dominion of Canada in 1867, and thereafter generally with the colonies in the British West Indies (although the Church of England continued to place Bermuda under the Bishop of Newfoundland until 1919). Over its duration, British North America comprised the British Empire's colonial territories in North America from 1783 to 1907, not including the Caribbean. These territories include those forming modern-day Canada and Bermuda, having also ceded what became all or large parts of six Midwestern U.S. states (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, and the northeastern part of Minnesota), which were formed out of the Northwest Territory, large parts of Maine, which had originally been within the French territory of Acadia, and very briefly, East Florida, West Florida, and the Bahamas.

The Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne ( AK-wə-SAS-neh; French: Nation Mohawk à Akwesasne; Mohawk: Ahkwesáhsne) is a Mohawk Nation (Kanienʼkehá:ka) territory that straddles the intersection of international (United States and Canada) borders and provincial (Ontario and Quebec) boundaries on both banks of the St. Lawrence River. Although divided by an international border, the residents consider themselves to be one community. They maintain separate police forces due to jurisdictional issues and national laws. The community was founded in the mid-18th century by Mohawk families from Kahnawake (also known as Caughnawaga), a Catholic Mohawk village that developed south of Montreal along the St. Lawrence River. Today Akwesasne has a total of 12,000 residents, with the largest population and land area of any Kanienʼkehá:ka community. From its development in the mid-eighteenth century, Akwesasne was considered one of the Seven Nations of Canada. It is one of several Kanienʼkehá꞉ka (Mohawk), meaning "people of the flint" in Mohawk, territories within present-day Canada; others are Kahnawake, Wahta, Tyendinaga, Kanesatake, and the Six Nations of the Grand River First Nation (which includes several subdivisions of Mohawk, the other five nations of the Iroquois League, and some other Native American tribes), founded after the American Revolutionary War. With settlement of the border between Canada and the United States in the early 19th century, a larger portion of the territory was defined as being within the United States. The portion in New York state is known as the federally recognized St. Regis Mohawk Reservation. The portion in Ontario is referred to as Akwesasne Reserve No. 59 (Mohawk: Kawehnò:ke), and the portions in Quebec as Akwesasne Reserve No. 15 (Mohawk: Kaná:takon & Tsi Snaíhne). The name Akwesasne in Mohawk means "Land Where the Partridge Drums", referring to the rich wildlife in the area.

CKON-FM is a private radio station located in Akwesasne, a Mohawk nation territory that straddles the Canada–United States border (and also, on the Canadian side, the interprovincial border between Quebec and Ontario). The station's studios are located in the Akwesasne Communication Society Building; that building is itself on both sides of the international border, with part of it being in Hogansburg, New York, and part of it in Saint Regis, Quebec. The ACS building was deliberately constructed on the international border as a symbol of Mohawk defiance between Canada and the United States, as well as an expression of communal unity. Its licence was issued by the Mohawk Nation Council of Chiefs and Clanmothers. The station broadcasts on 97.3 MHz and is owned and operated by the Akwesasne Communication Society, a community-based non-profit group.The call sign CKON is a reference to the Mohawk word "sekon" (or "she:kon"), which means "hello" in English.While the station uses a call sign that would give the impression of being a licensed Canadian station, according to an article from the Canadian Journal of Communication, it is not, and there is no record of the station being licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC), or by the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC). As such, official technical information about the station is unavailable; however, the station is reported to use 3,000 watts of effective radiated power, and its transmitter site is reported as being located on the Canadian side of the border, in St. Regis (part of the Quebec portion of the reserve). The building CKON is housed in is located on the Canada-United States border. CKON's tower is located on the US portion of the reserve. The station is licensed by a proclamation from the Akwesasne Mohawk Nation given via the Mohawk Nation Council of Chiefs. It is the only radio station in North America operating under the exclusive jurisdiction of an aboriginal government. Its founding board consisted of the following members: Frank David, Brian Cole, Salli Benedict, Lloyd Benedict, Diane Lazore, Doug George-Kanentiio and Francis Boots.

The Akwesasne Cultural Center houses a library and museum about the Mohawk Nation community of Akwesasne. Opening in 1971, the Akwesasne Library was the first Native American Library east of the Mississippi River. The museum houses 2,000 photographic objects and over 700 ethnographic objects, of which over 300 are baskets. Black ash splint and sweetgrass basketry is part of the Akwesasne Mohawk identity. The library has a collection of more than 28,000 books, with a wealth of online resources available due to being a part of the "Clinton, Essex, Franklin County (CEF) library system". The Native Collection is one of the largest in Northern New York with over 2,400 volumes. The Center is located at 321 State Rte 37, Hogansburg, New York.

The Raquette River, sometimes spelled Racquette, originates at Raquette Lake in the Adirondack Mountains in the U.S. state of New York. 146 miles (235 km) long, it is the third longest river entirely in the state of New York. The river is a popular destination for canoeing and kayaking. It passes through many natural and man-made lakes to its final destination at Akwesasne on the Saint Lawrence River. The river is the source of 27 hydroelectric plants operated by Brookfield Power, which at capacity can produce up to 181 megawatts of power. Historically, the river was a part of the "Highway of the Adirondacks", by which it was possible to travel hundreds of miles by canoe or guideboat with short stretches of portage connecting various waterways. This route is still followed by the Northern Forest Canoe Trail, a 740-mile (1,190 km) canoe trail from Old Forge to Fort Kent in Maine. It is also the basis of the route of the Adirondack Canoe Classic, a three-day, 90-mile canoe race from Old Forge to Saranac Lake.

The St. Regis River (or rivière Saint-Régis in Quebec) is an 86-mile-long (138 km) river in northern New York in the United States. It flows into the Saint Lawrence River at the hamlet of Saint Regis in the St. Regis Mohawk Reservation. The Saint Regis River basin includes Upper and Lower St. Regis Lakes, and Saint Regis Pond in the Saint Regis Canoe Area. It's a great fishery for trout.

Mohawk International Raceway is a four-tenths of a mile semi-banked high-speed dirt oval raceway located three miles from the Canadian-American border near Hogansburg, New York.

The Akwesasne Freedom School was founded in 1979 in a grass-roots effort by the Mohawk tribe. The Akwesasne Freedom school is located in St. Regis Mohawk Reservation (also known as Hogansburg), New York. It was founded with the intention of strengthening the Mohawk culture which was once in danger of being extinct. The Akwesasne Freedom School is a full-immersion Mohawk school focusing on educating children in the Mohawk language, culture, and customs. The school has survived for over 40 years without any federal or state funding.

Cornwall Island (Mohawk: kawehno:ke) is an island in the Saint Lawrence River, directly south of the city of Cornwall. The island is located completely within Canada, but it is also part of the Akwesasne Mohawk reserve, which straddles the Canada–United States border and the Quebec–Ontario border. The Seaway International Bridge, with a channel crossing on each side of the island, provides road access to Cornwall Island from both Canada and the United States.

Iohahi:io Akwesasne Education & Training Institute is an Aboriginal-owned and controlled post-secondary institution for the Mohawks of Akwesasne. Aboriginal institutes partner with colleges and universities to offer students degree programs, apprenticeships, certificate programs and diploma programs. IAAEC was founded to provide greater access to post-secondary education for Aboriginal peoples. IAAEC delivers post-secondary programs approved by the Ministry of Training, Colleges and Universities.

L'École secondaire catholique La Citadelle is a French-Language Catholic high school located in Cornwall, Ontario. It is managed by the Conseil scolaire de district catholique de l'Est ontarien. In 1950, Saint-Laurent High School, the precursor to La Citadelle, was established to cater to the predominantly French-speaking population of Cornwall Township. This initial step towards French-language education was facilitated by Laurier Carrière, an inspector for bilingual schools at the time. In 1965, a modest concession was made with the introduction of geography and history courses taught in French. However, it wasn't until 1968, a year before the regionalization of school boards, that a group of dedicated individuals, including Jeannine Séguin, Clément Charette, Robert Brault, Bernard Bertrand, Rhéal Martel, Jules Renaud, and Fathers Bernard Guindon and C.E. Claude, appeared before the Cornwall Board of Education. They boldly proposed that Saint-Laurent High School be designated as a French school and presented a detailed plan to achieve this goal. While the Board accepted the principle of a French-language school, they delayed further action, opting to wait for the regionalization of the Stormont, Dundas, and Glengarry Board. The fight for an independent French secondary school in Cornwall intensified with the passage of Bill 141 and the establishment of French-language advisory committees. Despite facing resistance from the Board of Education, figures like Marcel Massé, Paul Rouleau, Claude Corbeil, and Bernard Bertrand, along with school trustees Albert Morin, Gérard Gauthier, Jean-Guy Gauthier, Jean Guindon, and Gérald Desjardins, tirelessly advocated for the cause. In a surprising turn of events, overcrowding at Saint-Laurent school in September 1970, coupled with the absence of planned construction within the city, led the Board to accept the creation of two schools within the same building. This temporary relay system, based on the language of instruction, was intended to last for two years until a new high school could be built in the city's east end. In September 1972, the French section gained a separate administration with the appointment of Jeannine Séguin as principal and Jules Renaud as assistant principal. However, by the spring of 1973, tensions rose due to the proposed extension of the relay system, uncertainty regarding which student group would be relocated, and lobbying by a Saint-Lawrence High School committee to maintain their morning relay schedule. The mounting pressure prompted the student government of the French relay to take action. They formed a "committee of eight," rallied local organizations, and initiated a strike on March 14, 1973. This strike, which continued until the creation of Professor Thomas Symons' committee of inquiry on April 4, ultimately led to the Davis government's intervention. The Symons report, released on April 20, vindicated the local community's demands, and their slogan "We want it, we will have it" became a triumphant reality. In the aftermath, the school board targeted teachers in an act of retribution. Jacques Boyer and Paul Bezozzi were dismissed, and three other teachers faced disciplinary action for their alleged involvement in the student strike. This injustice sparked the formation of a united Franco-Ontarian front, encompassing AEFO, ACFO, AFCSO, API, and the Youth Department, to fight against this discrimination. Gérard Gauthier resigned from the Council in protest. On June 12, 1973, the school was officially named "La Citadelle," inspired by the writings of Saint-Exupéry, symbolizing the institution's significant role within the region. The school's dedication ceremony on May 30, 1975, was attended by prominent figures like Minister of Education Thomas Wells, Conseil Supérieur de langue française President Gérard Raymond, and Superintendent Jean-Paul Scott, a staunch advocate for Francophone rights. The celebrations, including a cultural event known as "La Nuit de La Citadelle," drew over a thousand participants.