Żelazno, Lower Silesian Voivodeship

Marcinów [marˈt͡ɕinuf] (German: Märzdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kłodzko, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany. It lies approximately 7 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Kłodzko, and 86 kilometres (53 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław. In 2005 the village had a population of 126.

Mielnik [ˈmjɛlnik] (German: Melling) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bystrzyca Kłodzka, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945, it was in Germany. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Bystrzyca Kłodzka, 10 km (6 mi) south of Kłodzko, and 90 km (56 mi) south of the regional capital of Wrocław.

The County of Kladsko (Czech: Kladské hrabství, German: Grafschaft Glatz, Polish: Hrabstwo kłodzkie) was a historical administrative unit within Bohemia as a part of the Kingdom of Bohemia and later in the Kingdom of Prussia with its capital at Kłodzko (Kladsko) on the Nysa river. The territory comprises the Kłodzko Land with the Kłodzko Valley in center within the Sudetes mountain range and roughly corresponds with the present-day Kłodzko County in the Polish Lower Silesian Voivodeship.

Krosnowice [krɔsnɔˈvit͡sɛ] (formerly Rankowo, German: Rengersdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kłodzko, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south of Kłodzko, and 87 kilometres (54 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław. The village has a population of 2,954.

Romanowo [rɔmaˈnɔvɔ] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kłodzko, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany. It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) south of Kłodzko and 90 km (56 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław.

Gorzanów Castle (German: Schloß Grafenort, Polish: Pałac Gorzanów) is a former stately residence in the Kłodzko Land of the Lower Silesia. A 16th-century German foundation, it has been in the hands of the von Herberstein family of Grafs or Counts (the Grafen von Herberstein) since the second half of the seventeenth century until 1930 — hence its name, and one of the former names of the village in which it is situated.

Gorzanów [ɡɔˈʐanuf] (German: Grafenort) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bystrzyca Kłodzka, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. There is a large Gorzanów Castle in the village. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) north of Bystrzyca Kłodzka, 10 kilometres (6 mi) south of Kłodzko, and 91 kilometres (57 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław. The village has a population of 921.

Jaszkowa Dolna [jaʂˈkɔva ˈdɔlna] (German: Niederhannsdorf) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kłodzko, within Kłodzko County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany. It lies approximately 3 kilometres (2 mi) east of Kłodzko, and 81 kilometres (50 mi) south of the regional capital Wrocław. The village has a population of 1,400.

The Grafenort concentration camp was a subcamp of the Gross-Rosen concentration camp located in a castle in the village of Grafenort in Lower Silesia, which was operational throughout World War II. For 68 days from 1 March 1945, the camp was run exclusively as a women's subcamp, with between 250 and 400 female prisoners of Jewish ethnicity transferred from the Mittelsteine concentration camp. The reason behind the liquidation of Mittelsteine and the transfer of prisoners has not been fully understood. The prisoners at Grafenort were subjected to slave labor, building fortifications against the advancing Eastern Front of the Allies, and were known for receiving the most brutal treatment of any Nazi female concentration camp. The camp was liberated on 8 May 1945 by Soviet forces, and while some sources give different dates for the liberation, all Gross-Rosen subcamps were liberated between 8 and 9 May.

The siege of Glatz took place in 1760 during the Third Silesian War (part of the Seven Years' War) when an Austrian force led by General von Laudon laid siege to and successfully stormed the fortress of Glatz (Czech: Kladsko, Polish: Kłodzko) from its Prussian garrison. On 6 June Laudon surrounded Glatz, but he had to wait until heavy artillery was brought from Olmütz (Olomouc) in neighbouring Moravia. While waiting, Laudon received information about the approach of a Prussian force under Fouqué. With his much larger force Laudon moved to intercept the smaller force, forcing Fouqué to surrender at the Battle of Landeshut on 23 June.Laudon then returned his attentions to the siege of Glatz. The arrival of his heavy artillery had allowed the siege to properly begin on 20 July and a trench had been dug. Once the guns had weakened the defences Laudon was able to organise volunteers to storm the city, opening the gates and allowing the remainder of the Austrian army to enter.

Kłodzko ([ˈkwɔt͡skɔ] (listen); Czech: Kladsko; German: Glatz; Latin: Glacio) is a historic town in south-western Poland, in the region of Lower Silesia. It is situated in the centre of the Kłodzko Valley, on the Eastern Neisse river. Kłodzko is the seat of Kłodzko County (and of the rural Gmina Kłodzko, although the town itself is a separate urban gmina), and is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship. With 26,845 inhabitants (2019), Kłodzko is the main commercial centre as well as an important transport and tourist node for the area. For its historical monuments it is sometimes referred to as "Little Prague" (Polish: Mała Praga, German: Klein-Prag). It was established as a settlement in the 10th century, and is one of the oldest towns in Poland, having been granted city rights in 1233. Culturally and traditionally a part of Bohemia, administratively it has been a part of Silesia since 1763.

The Synagogue of Kłodzko was located in Kłodzko (former German name: Glatz), in Kłodzko County in Lower Silesia, Poland. The synagogue was built 1884–1885 on the Grünestraße (Green Street), now Wojska Polskiego Street, but was destroyed in 1938 during the Nazi Kristallnacht anti-Jewish pogrom.