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Radio Kuku

1992 establishments in EstoniaEstonia stubsEuropean radio station stubsMass media in TallinnRadio stations established in 1992
Radio stations in Estonia

Radio Kuku (Estonian: Raadio Kuku, also called Kuku-raadio) is an Estonian radio station. It was the first politically independent privately owned radio station in post-occupation Estonia, established in 1992 by a media businessman and later politician Rein Lang and a founder of the first politically independent newspaper Eesti Ekspress, Hans H. Luik.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Radio Kuku (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors).

Radio Kuku
Siduri, Tallinn Kesklinna linnaosa

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Latitude Longitude
N 59.412983333333 ° E 24.756908333333 °
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Siduri 3
11313 Tallinn, Kesklinna linnaosa
Estonia
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Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (widely used abbreviation Estonian SSR; Estonian: Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistlik Vabariik, Eesti NSV; Russian: Эстонская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Эстонская ССР) was an ethnically based administrative subdivision of the former Soviet Union (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, USSR) covering the territory of Estonia from 1940 until 1991. The Estonian SSR was nominally established to replace the until then independent Republic of Estonia on 21 July 1940, a month after the 16–17 June 1940 Soviet military invasion and occupation of the country during World War II. After the installation of a Stalinist government which, backed by the occupying Soviet Red Army, declared Estonia a Soviet constituency, the Estonian SSR was subsequently incorporated into the Soviet Union as a "union republic" on 6 August 1940. Estonia was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941 and administered as a part of Reichskommissariat Ostland until it was reconquered by the USSR in 1944. Most countries did not recognize the incorporation of Estonia into the Soviet Union de jure and only recognized its Soviet administration de facto or not at all. A number of countries continued to recognize Estonian diplomats and consuls who still functioned in the name of their former government. This policy of non-recognition gave rise to the principle of legal continuity, which held that de jure, Estonia remained an independent state under occupation throughout the period 1940–91.On 16 November 1988, Estonia became the first of the then Soviet-controlled countries to declare state sovereignty from Moscow. On 30 March 1990, the newly elected parliament declared that the Republic of Estonia had been illegally occupied since 1940, and formally announced a transitional period for the restoration of the country's full independence. Subsequently, the use of all Soviet symbols and the name "Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic" was officially abolished on 8 May 1990. Estonia declared the re-establishment of full independence on 20 August 1991, and the Soviet Union recognized the independence of Estonia on 6 September 1991.

Bronze Soldier of Tallinn
Bronze Soldier of Tallinn

The Bronze Soldier (Estonian: Pronkssõdur, Russian: Бронзовый Солдат, Bronzovyj Soldat) is the informal name of a controversial Soviet World War II war memorial in Tallinn, Estonia, built at the site of several war graves, which were relocated to the nearby Tallinn Military Cemetery in 2007. It was originally named "Monument to the Liberators of Tallinn" (Estonian: Tallinna vabastajate monument, Russian: Монумент освободителям Таллина, Monument osvoboditeljam Tallina), was later titled to its current official name "Monument to the Fallen in the Second World War", and is sometimes called Alyosha, or Tõnismäe monument after its old location. The memorial was unveiled on 22 September 1947, three years after the Red Army reached Tallinn on 22 September 1944 during World War II. The monument consists of a stonewall structure made of dolomite and a two metre (6.5 ft) bronze statue of a soldier in a World War II-era Red Army military uniform. It was originally located in a small park (during the Soviet years called the Liberators' Square) on Tõnismägi in central Tallinn, above a small burial site of Soviet soldiers' remains, reburied in April 1945. In April 2007, the Estonian government relocated the Bronze Soldier and, after their exhumation and identification, the remains of the Soviet soldiers, to the Defence Forces Cemetery of Tallinn. Not all remains were reburied there, as relatives were given a chance to claim them, and several bodies were reburied in various locations in the former Soviet Union according to the wishes of the relatives. Political differences over the interpretation of the events of the war symbolised by the monument had already led to a controversy between Estonia's community of polyethnic Russophone post-World War II immigrants and Estonians, as well as between Russia and Estonia. The disputes surrounding the relocation peaked with two nights of riots in Tallinn (known as the Bronze Night), besieging of the Estonian embassy in Moscow for a week, and cyberattacks on Estonian organizations. The events caught international attention and led to a multitude of political reactions.