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Académie Française

1635 establishments in France6th arrondissement of ParisAcadémie FrançaiseArts and culture in the Ancien RégimeFrench language
Institut de FranceLanguage regulatorsOrganizations based in FranceOrganizations established in 1635
French Institute, Paris 2014 002
French Institute, Paris 2014 002

The Académie Française (French pronunciation: ​[akademi fʁɑ̃sɛːz]), also known as the French Academy, is the principal French council for matters pertaining to the French language. The Académie was officially established in 1635 by Cardinal Richelieu, the chief minister to King Louis XIII. Suppressed in 1793 during the French Revolution, it was restored as a division of the Institut de France in 1803 by Napoleon Bonaparte. It is the oldest of the five académies of the institute. The Académie comprises forty members, known as les immortels ("the immortals"). New members are elected by the members of the Académie itself. Academicians normally hold office for life, but they may resign or be dismissed for misconduct. Philippe Pétain, named Marshal of France after the Battle of Verdun of World War I, was elected to the Académie in 1931 and, after his governorship of Vichy France in World War II, was forced to resign his seat in 1945. The body has the duty of acting as an official authority on the language; it is tasked with publishing an official dictionary of the language.

Excerpt from the Wikipedia article Académie Française (License: CC BY-SA 3.0, Authors, Images).

Académie Française
Tunnel des Tuileries, Paris 1st Arrondissement (Paris)

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N 48.859167 ° E 2.337917 °
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Louvre - Pont des Arts

Tunnel des Tuileries
75001 Paris, 1st Arrondissement (Paris)
Ile-de-France, France
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French Institute, Paris 2014 002
French Institute, Paris 2014 002
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Tour de Nesle
Tour de Nesle

The Tour de Nesle or Nesle's Tower was one of the four large guard towers on the old city wall of Paris, constructed at the beginning of the 13th century by Philip II of France and demolished in 1665. The tower was situated on the left (south) bank of the Seine facing the old castle of the Louvre on the opposite bank. Originally known as the Tour Hamelin, it was a cylindrical structure of approximately 10 metres in diameter. The height was around 25 metres, with a stair turret reaching higher still. Later, the tower was incorporated into the Hôtel de Nesle, a medieval mansion. On the right bank of the Seine river, was a similar tall tower : the Tour du Coin (=Corner tower). The towers protected the upstream approach into the city towards the Île de la Cité. In 1308, Philip IV bought the tower from Amaury de Nesle. In 1314, there occurred a scandal known as the Tour de Nesle affair (fr:Affaire de la tour de Nesle), during which the daughters-in-law of Philip IV, were accused of adultery. Much of the adultery was said to have occurred in the Tour de Nesle. The scandal led to torture, executions and imprisonments for the princesses' lovers and the imprisonment of the princesses, with lasting consequences for the final years of the House of Capet. In 1319, Philip V donated the building to his Queen Jeanne de Bourgogne (the one accused who was found innocent) and she, in her will, left it for the College of Burgundy, which she founded for the University of Paris. Demolished in 1665, mansion and tower became the place of the Collège des Quatre-Nations (later occupied by the Institut de France) with the Bibliothèque Mazarine.